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. 2018 May 29;15(6):1109.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph15061109.

The Human Health Assessment to Phthalate Acid Esters (PAEs) and Potential Probability Prediction by Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter EEM-FRI Fluorescence in Erlong Lake

Meichen Ji  1   2   3 , Sijia Li  4   5   6 , Jiquan Zhang  7   8   9 , Hui Di  10   11   12 , Fengxu Li  13   14   15 , Tianji Feng  16   17   18
Affiliations

The Human Health Assessment to Phthalate Acid Esters (PAEs) and Potential Probability Prediction by Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter EEM-FRI Fluorescence in Erlong Lake

Meichen Ji et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are suspected to cause wide environmental pollution and have adverse effects on human health. Three priority control phthalates, namely dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), were determined in 45 water samples from the largest drinking water source in Jilin Province. Chromophoric-dissolved organic matter (CDOM), which are composed of complex compounds and are a proxy for water quality, can be monitored using a fluorometer. This study attempted to understand the correlations of the CDOM fluorescence regional integration (FRI) components with PAEs and CDOM characteristics under seasonal and spatial variations in the Erlong Lake. The characteristics of the CDOM absorption parameters in different water samples showed a higher aromatic content and molecular weight in October because of increased terrestrial inputs. The Σ3PAEs concentrations ranged from 0.231 mg L-1 to 0.435 mg L-1 in water, and DEP contributed to more than 90% of the Σ3PAEs. The FRI method identified five fluorescence components: one tyrosine-like (R1), one tryptophan-like (R2), one fulvic-like (R3), one microbial protein-like (R4), and one humic-like (R5) component. However, significant relationships exist between DEP and R3 (R² = 0.78, p < 0.001), R4 (R² = 0.77, p < 0.001), and R5 (R² = 0.58, p < 0.001). Quantifying the relationship between CDOM and PAEs was highly significant, because the results will simplify the componential analysis of pollutants from a spatiotemporal perspective as compared to traditional chemical measurements. The human health risk assessment results revealed no human health risk (HQ < 1) in the Erlong Lake basin.

Keywords: chromophoric dissolved organic matter; fluorescence; fluorescence regional integration; health risk assessment; phthalate acid esters.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Location of the Erlong Lake, Jilin Province, Northeast China. (b) The sampling sites among the 25 samples of the Erlong Lake.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Principal component analyses (PCA) of the average values of the water quality parameters (electrical conductivity (EC), Chl-a, DOC, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)) in Erlong Lake.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Spatial distributions of three PAEs from the Erlong Lake in June (a) and October (b) 2017.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Excitation-emission matrix (EEMs) of water samples, point 1 (a) and point 17 (b) from the Erlong lake in October, (c) distributions of fluorescence regional integration (FRI)-extracted fluorescent-dissolved organic matter (FDOM) components, and (d) distributions of percentages of FRI-extracted FDOM components.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Seasonal fluorescence indices (FI370 and FI310), (b) correlation between fluorescence indices FI370 and FI310, and (c) spatial and seasonal variations of the SUVA254 from all 45 water samples in the Erlong Lake.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Correlation between (a) FRI fluorescence component 3 and diethyl phthalate (DEP), (b) FRI fluorescence component 4 and DEP.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Total hazard quotient (HQ) of three PAEs in June (a) and October (b) 2017 were determined in ArcGIS 10.0, and (c) spatial and seasonal distributions of PAEs’ hazard quotient of sampling sites.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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