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. 2018 Jun 1;13(6):e0198111.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198111. eCollection 2018.

Trunk surface agarwood-inducing technique with Rigidoporus vinctus: An efficient novel method for agarwood production

Xuyu Chen  1   2   3 , Yangyang Liu  1   2   3 , Yun Yang  1   2   3 , Jian Feng  2   3 , Peiwei Liu  1   2   3 , Chun Sui  1 , Jianhe Wei  1   2   3
Affiliations

Trunk surface agarwood-inducing technique with Rigidoporus vinctus: An efficient novel method for agarwood production

Xuyu Chen et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Only when Aquilaria spp. or Gyrinops spp. trees are wounded, due to insect attack, or microbial invasion, agarwood can be successfully induced. In the present study, a fungus which can induce agarwood formation efficiently was isolated and a suitable method for its application to induce agarwood formation was developed. Rigidoporus vinctus was isolated from the inner layers from infectious A. sinensis trees. When the fermentation liquid of fungi inoculated back to A. sinensis tree, agarwood was found to be induced. In addition, a novel method called trunk surface agarwood-inducing technique (Agar-Sit) was developed to produce agarwood with R. vinctus. The alcohol soluble extract content of the agarwood, up to 38.9%, far higher than the requirement (10%) in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the six characteristic compounds of agarwood used as Chinese Medicinal Materials were all detected. Their relative percentages of the sesquiterpenes in the essential oil were 22.76%. This is the first report of the Agar-Sit and also the application of R. vinctus in agarwood induction. According to the results, when the combination of Agar-Sit and R. vinctus is used agarwood can be induced with high yield and good quality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The wood material used for fungal isolation.
A: Five layers (I, II, III, IV, V) were sliced. B, C, and D: Five rectangular chunks (IF, IIF, IIIF, IVF, VF) and a control (WW) were cut from the aforementioned five layers.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The fungal distribution in different layers of wood beneath the cutting site.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Fungal colonies, the cross sections of the wood injected with fungal fermentation liquid and the TLC plate.
A: Colony of R. vinctus; B: Cross section of the wood injected with R. vinctus fermentation liquid; C: Spot profile on the TLC plate. HW: Healthy wood; ST: standard 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone; CK: standard agarwood; RV: methanol extracts from the wood injected with R. vinctus fermentation liquid.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Formation and assay of agarwood with R. vinctus by Agar-Sit.
A: The trunk harvested from the trees 6 months after treatment; B: Thin and black layers of agarwood clearly seen in the cross-sections of the trunk; C: The agarwood layer formed under the decaying surface. D: TLC assay (HW: healthy wood; ST: 6, 7-Dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone; CK: Wood from the tree without any fungus treatment using Agar-Sit; RV: Agarwood induced by R. vinctus using Agar-Sit; WT: Wild agarwood). E: Characteristic HPLC chromatogram of chromones from the agarwood induced by R. vinctus using Agar-Sit. Peak 1: agarotetrol; Peak 3: 8-chloro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5, 6, 7-tri-hydroxy-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrochromone; Peak 5: 6,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-2- (2-phenylethyl) chromone.
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