Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comparative Study
. 2018 May 31;10(6):704.
doi: 10.3390/nu10060704.

Roles of Sedentary Behaviors and Unhealthy Foods in Increasing the Obesity Risk in Adult Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional National Study

Esti Nurwanti  1   2 , Mohy Uddin  3 , Jung-Su Chang  4   5 , Hamam Hadi  6 , Shabbir Syed-Abdul  7 , Emily Chia-Yu Su  8 , Aldilas Achmad Nursetyo  9 , Jakir Hossain Bhuiyan Masud  10 , Chyi-Huey Bai  11   12   13
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Roles of Sedentary Behaviors and Unhealthy Foods in Increasing the Obesity Risk in Adult Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional National Study

Esti Nurwanti et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Sedentary behaviors and dietary intake are independently associated with obesity risk. In the literature, only a few studies have investigated gender differences for such associations. The present study aims to assess the association of sedentary behaviors and unhealthy foods intake with obesity in men and women in a comparative manner. The analysis presented in this study was based on the data from a population-based, cross-sectional, nationally representative survey (Indonesian Basic Health Research 2013/RISKESDAS 2013). In total, 222,650 men and 248,590 women aged 19–55 years were enrolled. A validated questionnaire, physical activity card, and food card were used for the assessments. The results showed that the prevalence of obesity (body mass index of ≥27.5 kg/m²) was higher in women (18.71%) than in men (8.67%). The mean body mass index in women tended to be higher than in men. After adjusting for age and education, the gender effect on obesity persisted in women and was more significant than in men. There was also a positive and significant effect on obesity of sedentary behaviors and unhealthy foods intake. Moreover, fatty and fried foods displayed a positive multiplicative interaction, increasing obesity risk in women more than in men and indicating a possible dietary risk in in women in relation to obesity. The study suggests that the implementation of educational programs on nutrition and physical activity is particularly important for promoting a healthy body weight among Indonesian women.

Keywords: fatty fried foods; obesity; refined carbohydrates; sedentary behaviors; sweet foods and beverages.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2) among Indonesian adults.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The prevalence of obesity by age. Footnote: *** p value < 0.0001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The proportion of high sedentary behaviors by gender and age.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mean hours of sedentary behaviors by age. Footnote: ***: p < 0.0001.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Hall M.E., do Carmo J.M., da Silva A.A., Juncos L.A., Wang Z., Hall J.E. Obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Int. J. Nephrol. Renovasc. Dis. 2014;7:75–88. doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S39739. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zheng W., McLerran D.F., Rolland B., Zhang X., Inoue M., Matsuo K., He J., Gupta P.C., Ramadas K., Tsugane S., et al. Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1 million Asians. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011;364:719–729. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1010679. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rachmi C.N., Li M., Alison Baur L. Overweight and obesity in Indonesia: Prevalence and risk factors—A literature review. Public Health. 2017;147:20–29. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.02.002. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Roemling C., Qaim M. Obesity trends and determinants in Indonesia. Appetite. 2012;58:1005–1013. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.053. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Martínez-González M.A., Martínez J.A., Hu F.B., Gibney M.J., Kearney J. Physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle and obesity in the European Union. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 1999;23:1192–1201. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801049. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms