Accuracy of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to rule out significant coronary artery disease in patients with systolic heart failure of unknown aetiology: Single-centre experience and comprehensive meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of systolic heart failure (HF). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a non-invasive technique that detects a myocardial infarction scar as subendocardial or transmural late gadolinium enhancement (st-LGE).

Aim: We sought to evaluate whether a lack of st-LGE could rule out CAD in new-onset systolic HF of unknown aetiology.

Methods: We included 232 consecutive patients with new-onset HF and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% who underwent both coronary angiography and CMR to assess HF aetiology. CAD was defined as the presence of coronary artery stenosis≥50% on a coronary angiogram. We assessed sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR) of the presence of st-LGE to detect underlying CAD. A complementary meta-analysis of 11 studies (including ours) was also performed.

Results: In our study, 49 (21.1%) patients had CAD. The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of st-LGE to detect CAD were 69 and 92%, respectively. PLR and NLR were 8.47 and 0.33, respectively. In the meta-analysis, 1227 patients were included, and the prevalence of CAD ranged from 19.2 to 68.3%. Sensitivity, specificity, PLR and NLR were 87% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80-0.92), 93% (95% CI 0.89-0.96), 12.91 (95% CI 7.70-21.64) and 0.14 (95% CI 0.09-0.22), respectively. Altogether, 55 patients presented CAD with no st-LGE; inversely, 75 patients presented st-LGE with no CAD.

Conclusion: With a CMR specificity of 93%, the absence of st-LGE rules out significant underlying CAD in patients with systolic HF of unknown aetiology in most cases.

Keywords: Angiographie coronaire; Coronaropathie; Coronary angiogram; Coronary artery disease; Heart failure; Imagerie par résonance magnétique; Insuffisance cardiaque; Late gadolinium enhancement; Magnetic resonance imaging; Rehaussement tardif.