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Review
. 2018 May 22:11:165-172.
doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S162230. eCollection 2018.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Nigeria: systematic review of population-based studies

Innocent Ijezie Chukwuonye  1 , Okechukwu Samuel Ogah  2 , Ernest Ndukaife Anyabolu  3 , Kenneth Arinze Ohagwu  1 , Ogbonna Collins Nwabuko  4 , Uwa Onwuchekwa  5 , Miracle Erinma Chukwuonye  6 , Emmanuel Chukwuebuka Obi  1 , Efosa Oviasu  7
Affiliations
Review

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Nigeria: systematic review of population-based studies

Innocent Ijezie Chukwuonye et al. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. .

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to identify and discuss published population-based studies carried out in Nigeria that have information on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and have also used the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) practice guidelines in defining CKD, with emphasis on the performance of three estimating equations for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Cock-croft-Gault, and CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation.

Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was carried out in Google, MEDLINE, PubMed, and AJOL database, with the aim of identifying relevant population-based studies with information on the prevalence of CKD in a location in Nigeria.

Results: Seven cross-sectional population-based studies were identified. Two of the studies used the Cockcroft-Gault and observed a prevalence of 24.4% and 26%. Four of the studies used the MDRD and the prevalences observed were 12.3%, 14.2%, 2.5%, and 13.4%. One of the studies used the CKD-EPI equation and the prevalence was 11.4%. The male to female ratios of CKD prevalence in six studies were 1:1.9, 0.8:1, 1:1.6, 1:2, 1:1.8, 1:1.4, and the observed risk factors in the studies were old age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, family history of hypertension, family history of renal disease, low-income occupation, use of traditional medication, low hemoglobin, and abdominal obesity.

Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD was high but variable in Nigeria, influenced by the equation used to estimate the GFR. MDRD and CKD-EPI results are agreeable. There is a need for more population-based studies, with emphasis on repeating the GFR estimation after 3 months in subjects with GFR <60 mL/min/1.7 m2.

Keywords: CKD; CKD epidemiology collaboration creatinine equation; Cockcroft–Gault; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram of studies. Abbreviation: PRISMA, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Map of Nigeria showing the six geopolitical zones. Abbreviation: FCT, Federal Capital Territory.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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