Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Jun 4;13(6):e0197737.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197737. eCollection 2018.

Drug-resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and associated risk factors among multi drug-resistant tuberculosis suspected patients from Ethiopia

Eyob Abera Mesfin  1   2 , Dereje Beyene  1 , Abreham Tesfaye  3 , Addisu Admasu  4 , Desalegn Addise  2 , Miskir Amare  2 , Biniyam Dagne  2 , Zelalem Yaregal  2 , Ephrem Tesfaye  2 , Belay Tessema  5
Affiliations

Drug-resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and associated risk factors among multi drug-resistant tuberculosis suspected patients from Ethiopia

Eyob Abera Mesfin et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Multidrug drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major health problem and seriously threatens TB control and prevention efforts globally. Ethiopia is among the 30th highest TB burden countries for MDR-TB with 14% prevalence among previously treated cases. The focus of this study was on determining drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among MDR-TB suspected cases and associated risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa from June 2015 to December 2016. Sputum samples and socio-demographic data were collected from 358 MDR-TB suspected cases. Samples were analyzed using Ziehl-Neelsen technique, GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, and culture using Lowenstein-Jensen and Mycobacterial growth indicator tube. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Results: A total of 226 the study participants were culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, among them, 133 (58.8%) participants were males. Moreover, 162 (71.7%) had been previously treated for tuberculosis, while 128 (56.6%) were TB/HIV co-infected. A majority [122 (54%)] of the isolates were resistant to any first-line anti-TB drugs. Among the resistant isolates, 110 (48.7%) were determined to be resistant to isoniazid, 94 (41.6%) to streptomycin, 89 (39.4%) to rifampicin, 72 (31.9%) to ethambutol, and 70 (30.9%) to pyrazinamide. The prevalence of MDR-TB was 89 (39.4%), of which 52/89 (58.4%) isolates were resistance to all five first-line drugs. Risk factors such as TB/HIV co-infection (AOR = 5.59, p = 0.00), cigarette smoking (AOR = 3.52, p = 0.045), alcohol drinking (AOR = 5.14, p = 0.001) hospital admission (AOR = 3.49, p = 0.005) and visiting (AOR = 3.34, p = 0.044) were significantly associated with MDR-TB.

Conclusions: The prevalence of MDR-TB in the study population was of a significantly high level among previously treated patients and age group of 25-34. TB/HIV coinfection, smoking of cigarette, alcohol drinking, hospital admission and health facility visiting were identified as risk factors for developing MDR-TB. Therefore, effective strategies should be designed considering the identified risk factors for control of MDR-TB.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest associated with the publication of this manuscript.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The proportion of MDR-TB among suspect cases classified by ethnic groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization (WHO), Global tuberculosis report 2016 Geneva, Switzerland; WHO Press; 2016. Available from: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en
    1. Berhan A, Berhan Y, Yizengaw D. A meta-analysis of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: how strongly associated with previous treatment and HIV co-infection?. Ethiopian journal of health sciences. 2013; 23(3): 271–282. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Anthony SF. Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research Agenda and Recommendations for Priority Research. J of Inf Dis. 2008; 197:1493–1498. - PubMed
    1. Falzon D, Jaramillo E, Schünemann HJ, Arentz M, Bauer M, Bayona J, Blanc L, et al. WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: 2011 update Geneva, Switzerland; WHO Press; 2011. - PubMed
    1. Parsons LM, Somoskövi Á, Gutierrez C, Lee E, Paramasivan CN, Abimiku AL,et al. Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis in resource-poor countries: challenges and opportunities. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2011. April 1; 24(2): 314–350. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00059-10 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms