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Review
. 2018 Dec;27(12):1809-1824.
doi: 10.1177/0963689718773363. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Stem Cell Therapy: A Promising Therapeutic Method for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Liansheng Gao  1 , Weilin Xu  1 , Tao Li  1 , Jingyin Chen  1 , Anwen Shao  1 , Feng Yan  1 , Gao Chen  1
Affiliations
Review

Stem Cell Therapy: A Promising Therapeutic Method for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Liansheng Gao et al. Cell Transplant. 2018 Dec.

Abstract

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one type of the most devastating cerebrovascular diseases worldwide, which causes high morbidity and mortality. However, efficient treatment is still lacking. Stem cell therapy has shown good neuroprotective and neurorestorative effect in ICH and is a promising treatment. In this study, our aim was to review the therapeutic effects, strategies, related mechanisms and safety issues of various types of stem cell for ICH treatment. Numerous studies had demonstrated the therapeutic effects of diverse stem cell types in ICH. The potential mechanisms include tissue repair and replacement, neurotrophy, promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, immunoregulation and anti-inflammation and so forth. The microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS) can also influence the effects of stem cell therapy. The detailed therapeutic strategies for ICH treatment such as cell type, the number of cells, time window, and the routes of medication delivery, varied greatly among different studies and had not been determined. Moreover, the safety issues of stem cell therapy for ICH should not be ignored. Stem cell therapy showed good therapeutic effect in ICH, making it a promising treatment. However, safety should be carefully evaluated, and more clinical trials are required before stem cell therapy can be extensively applied to clinical use.

Keywords: intracerebral hemorrhage; mechanism; neuroprotective effect; safety; stem cell therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Commonly used stem cell types for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) treatment. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a kind of totipotent stem cell (TSC) for treating ICH. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most common types of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) for treating ICH. MSCs include bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs).
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
The mechanisms of stem cell therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) both in animal models and patients. The neuroprotective mechanisms of stem cells in ICH involve in tissue repair and replacement, neurotrophy, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, promotion of angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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