Use of second generation supra-glottic airway devices during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized comparison of LMA Proseal™, LMA SupremeTM and igel™

Abstract

Introduction: Supra-glottic airway devices (SADs) with an inbuilt drain channel, such as the LMA Proseal™ (LMA-P), LMA SupremeTM (LMA-S) and i-gel™ (i-gel), have been used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We compared safety, efficacy, and ease of use, as well as the incidence of adverse events between these devices.

Methods: One hundred and eighty adult, ASA 1-3 patients scheduled to undergo elective cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to one of three groups: LMA-P, LMA-S or i-gel. The primary outcome was to evaluate oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP). Secondary outcomes were to evaluated speed of insertion, ease of insertion of the device and the drain tube, as well as the incidence of intraoperative adverse events and postoperative oropharyngeal discomfort (POPD).

Results: Mean OLP was significantly higher for LMA-P (LMA-P 30.87; i-gel 29.28; LMA-S 29.02 cm H₂0, P = 0.007). OLP was correlated with a higher maximum tidal achieved volume (P = 0.025). Insertion times were shorter for the i-gel, which was 1.7 s faster to insert than LMA-P (P = 0.04). The success rate on first attempt was higher for the LMA-S (P = 0.004). The drain tube was easily inserted in the LMA-S group (p < 0.001). I-gel showed higher sore throat scoring 2 hours postoperatively (P = 0.008) and reported slower POPD decrease during that time (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Among SAD's, LMA-S is the easiest to insert (including the drain tube), LMA-P achieved the best leak pressure, and i-gel fastest to insert, although associated with the worst POPD scoring.