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. 2018 Apr-Jun;9(2):283-288.
doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_11_18.

Significance of Serum Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Dismutase in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Study

Jayachandran Sadaksharam  1
Affiliations

Significance of Serum Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Dismutase in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Study

Jayachandran Sadaksharam. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018 Apr-Jun.

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed at comparative analysis of serum nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Materials and methods: Eighty-seven patients were grouped into Group I (n = 29, OSMF), Group II (n = 29, oral SCC), and Group III (n = 29, controls). Two ml of venous blood was collected from patients after overnight fast to avoid any dietary influence on the serum beta-carotene. Standard protocols were followed in transfer, storage, and processing of blood. Modified copper-cadmium reduction method for rapid assay to estimate the serum NO and Enzychrom™ SOD assay kit to determine SOD levels were used.

Results: The mean level of NO level in Group I, Group II, and Group III was 42.49, 50.08, and 32.81, respectively, and mean level of SOD in Group I, Group II, and Group III were 207.65, 196.93, and 226.57, respectively. The P values were calculated and were statistically significant (<0.001).

Conclusion: An increase in level of oxidant NO in OSMF followed by SCC and decrease in level of antioxidant SOD in OSMF followed by SCC were noted. These levels of NO and antioxidant SOD can be used as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers.

Keywords: Nitric oxide; oral submucous fibrosis; serum antioxidant; squamous cell carcinoma; superoxide dismutase.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Ulceroproliferative lesion on the lateral border of the tongue and (b) ulceroproliferative lesion on the right buccal mucosa
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Samples collected. (b) Erba Lisa Scan EM machine
Chart 1
Chart 1
Comparison of mean serum nitric oxide levels in oral submucous fibrosis, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and healthy control groups
Chart 2
Chart 2
Comparison of mean serum superoxide dismutase levels in oral submucous fibrosis, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and healthy control groups
Chart 3
Chart 3
The plot of nitric oxide values shows an increased nitric oxide level for oral submucous fibrosis patients and cancer patients when compared to healthy controls due to the oxidative stress (imbalance between the oxidants and antioxidants)
Chart 4
Chart 4
The plot of superoxide dismutase values shows increased values of superoxide dismutase enzyme in healthy controls when compared to the superoxide dismutase level in oral submucous fibrosis and in cancer patients. In oral submucous fibrosis patients, the level of superoxide dismutase slightly decreased. In cancer patients, a drastic decrease in the superoxide dismutase level was noticed
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