Organic/Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices beyond Solar Cells

Abstract

Investigations of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite materials have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent properties including bandgap tunability, long charge diffusion length, and outstanding optoelectronic merits. Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites are demonstrated to be promising materials in a variety of optoelectronic applications including photodetection, energy harvesting, and light-emitting devices. As perovskite solar cells are well studied in literature, here, the recent developments of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite materials in optoelectronic devices beyond solar cells are summarized. The preparation of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite films is introduced. Applications of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite materials in light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers are then highlighted. Finally, the recent advances in these optoelectronic applications based on organic-inorganic metal halide materials are summarized and the future perspectives are discussed.

Keywords: lasers; light emitting diodes; organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites; photodetectors.

Figure 1

The perovskite structure with a typical formula of ABM₃. Reproduced with permission.1 Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.

Figure 2

The schematic diagram of perovskite thin films deposition methods a) the solution processing methods with one‐step coating method and two‐step coating method. Reproduced with permission.68 Copyright 2014, AIP Publishing LLC. b) The vacuum vapor method. Reproduced with permission.44 Copyright 2014, Springer Nature. c) The vapor assisted solution method. Reproduced with permission.84 Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society.

Figure 3

Three types of vapor deposition method compared by Abbas et al. a) PbI₂ vapor evaporation b) with petri dish and c) with graphite vessel container. Reproduced with permission.85 Copyright 2015, AIP Publishing LLC.

Figure 4

a) The perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) structure with ZnO or TiO_x instead of F8 as the electron injector. Reproduced with permission.53 Copyright 2015, John Wiley and Sons. b) Cross‐section scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a device and the device structure showing the different layers. Reproduced with permission.54 Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. c) Device structure of a CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ nanorod array LED. Reproduced with permission.55 Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. d) The processing method and surface morphology SEM image of MAPb(I_{1− x}Br_x)₃ thin film. Reproduced with permission.94 Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society.

Figure 5

Micro‐PL images showing the spatial distribution of emission at the pump intensities. Reproduced with permission.101 Copyright 2014, AIP Publishing LLC.

Figure 6

Whispering‐gallery mode analysis of the perovskite nanoplatelet laser. a) Far‐field lasing image, simulated field distributions at resonant cavity mode: b) transverse magnetic mode and c) transverse electric mode of typical hexagonal CH₃NH₃PbI₃ nanoplatelets. d) Lasing spectra of hexagonal CH₃NH₃PbI₃ nanoplatelets e) Lasing spectra is dependent on the edge length of a triangular CH₃NH₃PbI₃ whispering‐gallery cavity. f) The wavelength of lasing modes (pink star dots) and Q‐factor (dark yellow dots). Reproduced with permission.105 Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society.

Figure 7

Schematic diagram of a generic distributed feedback (DFB) cavity. Reproduced with permission.106 Copyright 2016, John Wiley and Sons.

Figure 8

a) The schematic structure of the FETs on hybrid halide semiconductor layer, having Au source and drain contacts, Cytop dielectric, and Al gate electrode. Reproduced with permission.135 Copyright 2015, Cambridge University Press. b) The structure of photodetector with a layer of fluorous polymer coating which can increase the lifetime of the device. Reproduced with permission.62 Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. c) Schematic diagram and energy level diagram of the as‐fabricated perovskite photodetector. Reproduced with permission.137 Copyright 2016, Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry. d) The schematic diagram of an organic–inorganic hybrid optocoupler. Reproduced with permission.139 Copyright 2015, Nature Publishing Group.