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Review
. 2018;7(3):201-208.
doi: 10.3233/JHD-180290.

Cancer: From Wild-Type to Mutant Huntingtin

Morgane Sonia Thion  1 , Sandrine Humbert  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Cancer: From Wild-Type to Mutant Huntingtin

Morgane Sonia Thion et al. J Huntingtons Dis. 2018.

Abstract

Huntingtin (HTT) is a scaffold protein mostly known because it gives rise to the severe and incurable inherited neurological disorder Huntington's disease (HD) when mutated. The Huntingtin gene (HTT) carries a polymorphic trinucleotide expansion of CAGs in exon 1 that ranges from 9 to 35 in the non-HD affected population. However, if it exceeds 35 CAG repeats, the altered protein is referred to as mutant HTT and leads to the development of HD. Given the wide spectrum of severe symptoms developed by HD individuals, wild-type and mutant HTT have been mostly studied in the context of this disorder. However, HTT expression is ubiquitous and several peripheral symptoms in HD have been described, suggesting that HTT is of importance, not only in the central nervous system (CNS), but also in peripheral organs. Accordingly, HTT and mutant HTT may interfere with non-brain-related diseases. Correlative studies have highlighted a decreased cancer incidence in the HD population and both wild-type and mutant HTT have been implicated in tumor progression. In this review, we describe the current evidence linking wild-type and mutant HTT to cancer and discuss how CAG polymorphism, HTT function, and partners may influence carcinogenesis and metastatic progression.

Keywords: CAG expansion; Huntington disease; adhesion; breast cancer; cancer; huntingtin; metastasis.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The CAG polymorphism in HTT is associated with Huntington disease and cancer risk and evolution.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
HTT and S421-P-HTT during tumor progression. Schematic representation of HTT cellular localization and S421-P-HTT during mammary gland tumor progression. (from [30]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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