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Review
. 2018 Jun 11;19(6):1726.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19061726.

Phoenixin-A Pleiotropic Gut-Brain Peptide

Martha A Schalla  1 , Andreas Stengel  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Phoenixin-A Pleiotropic Gut-Brain Peptide

Martha A Schalla et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Phoenixin is a recently discovered brain peptide initially thought to be restricted to reproductive functions. The subsequent identification of phoenixin’s expression in peripheral tissues was accompanied by the description of several other actions of this hormone, such as effects on behavior, sensory perception, memory retention, the cardiovascular system as well as food intake, pointing towards a pleiotropic role of this peptide. The present review will discuss the present knowledge on phoenixin and the signaling involved as well as highlight gaps in knowledge to stimulate further research.

Keywords: central nervous system; food intake; gastrointestinal tract; gut hormone; gut-brain axis; neuropeptide; orexigenic; phoenixin-14; phoenixin-20.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phoenixin-20 stimulates the mRNA expression of GnRH, GnRH receptor, Kiss1 peptide, and GRP173 via the cAMP-PKA pathway and CREB phosphorylation mediated by the GPR173. Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; CREB, cAMP response element binding protein; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; GnRH-R, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor; GRP173, G protein-coupled receptor 173; Oct-1, octamer transcription factor-1; PKA, protein kinase A; PPi, Pyrophosphate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pleiotropic effects of phoenixin. ↑, increase; ↓, decrease. Highlighted areas in yellow represent expression sites of phoenixin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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