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. 2018 Jun 7;6(1):e000511.
doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000511. eCollection 2018.

Parental history of type 2 diabetes is associated with lower resting energy expenditure in normoglycemic subjects

Ebenezer A Nyenwe  1 , Cherechi C Ogwo  1 , Ibiye Owei  1 , Jim Y Wan  2 , Samuel Dagogo-Jack  1
Affiliations

Parental history of type 2 diabetes is associated with lower resting energy expenditure in normoglycemic subjects

Ebenezer A Nyenwe et al. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. .

Abstract

Objective: Resting energy expenditure (REE) is linked to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). REE and T2DM are inherited traits. Therefore, we investigated the effect of parental T2DM on REE in normoglycemic subjects.

Methods: Eighty-seven subjects with parental T2DM and 83 subjects without parental T2DM were matched in age, gender, race, BMI, weight and waist circumference. Subjects underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test; REE was determined by indirect calorimetry and body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, analysis of variance and regression analysis.

Results: The mean age was 38.8±11.3 years, 57% were females and 53% were African-Americans. The mean BMI was 28.5±6.1 kg/m2, waist circumference 91.8±15.1 cm, weight 83.9±20.3 kg, fat mass 31.0%±10.0%, mean fat-free mass (FFM) 54.4±12.9 kg. REE was significantly lower in subjects with parental diabetes, normalized REE 1364.4±263.4Kcal/day vs 1489.4±323.2 Kcal/day, p=0.006 and 29.2±5.3Kcal/kg FFM/day vs 31.9±6.0 Kcal/kg FFM/day, p=0.002. African-Americans had a lower REE compared with Caucasians 28.6±5.4Kcal/kg FFM/day vs 32.6±5.5 Kcal/kg FFM/day, p<0.0001. In a multiple regression model, ethnicity (p<0.0001), parental history of T2DM (p=0.006) and FFM (p=0.021) were independent predictors of REE.

Conclusion: Compared with subjects without parental diabetes, offspring with parental T2DM had lower REE, which was more pronounced in African-Americans. This metabolic alteration could increase the risk of obesity, insulin resistance and dysglycemia.

Keywords: energy expenditure and obesity; insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of ethnicity and parental diabetes on resting energy expenditure (REE) (group means with 95% CIs) AA, African-American; ANOVA, analysis of variance; C, Caucasians; PD+, subjects with parental history of type 2 diabetes; PD, subjects without parental history of type 2 diabetes.
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