Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Jun 12;15(6):e1002578.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002578. eCollection 2018 Jun.

The state of the antivaccine movement in the United States: A focused examination of nonmedical exemptions in states and counties

Jacqueline K Olive  1 , Peter J Hotez  1   2   3   4   5 , Ashish Damania  1   2 , Melissa S Nolan  1
Affiliations

The state of the antivaccine movement in the United States: A focused examination of nonmedical exemptions in states and counties

Jacqueline K Olive et al. PLoS Med. .

Erratum in

Abstract

In a Policy Forum, Peter Hotez and colleagues discuss vaccination exemptions in US states and possible consequences for infectious disease outbreaks.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Increasing nationwide trend in kindergarten NME rates from 2009 to 2017.
The asterisk (*) indicates states demonstrating an upward trend of kindergarteners with NMEs. NME, nonmedical exemption.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Heat map of county-level NME rates in 2016 to 2017.
NME, nonmedical exemption.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Heat map of counties with >400 kindergarteners with NMEs in 2016 to 2017.
NME, nonmedical exemption.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Negative relationship between state percentage of kindergarten MMR vaccine uptake and NME rate in the 2016 to 2017 school year.
MMR, measles, mumps, and rubella; NME, nonmedical exemption.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Hill HA, Elam-Evans LD, Yankey D, Singleton JA, Dietz V. Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19–35 Months—United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:1065–1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6539a4 - DOI - PubMed
    1. National Conference of State Legislatures. States with Religious and Philosophical Exemptions from School Immunization Requirements. 2016. Available from: http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-.... Accessed 29 April 2017.
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Weekly: Past Volume. 2016. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2016.html. Accessed 13 Oct 2017.
    1. Salmon DA, Haber M, Gangarosa EJ, Phillips L, Smith NJ, Chen RT. Health consequences of religious and philosophical exemptions from immunization laws: individual and societal risk of measles. JAMA 1999;282(1):47–53. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.1.47 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Robison SG, Liko J. The Timing of Pertussis Cases in Unvaccinated Children in an Outbreak Year: Oregon 2012. J Pediatr 2017;183:159–63. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.047 - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms