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. 2018 Jun 1;9(3):480-488.
doi: 10.14336/AD.2017.0704. eCollection 2018 Jun.

The Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Combined with Real-Time Strain Elastography in the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Ying Chang #  1 , Jingchun Yang #  1 , Hua Hong  2 , Huijuan Ma  1 , Xin Cui  3 , Li Chen  4
Affiliations

The Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Combined with Real-Time Strain Elastography in the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Ying Chang et al. Aging Dis. .

Abstract

To evaluate the performance of a combination of real-time strain elastography (RTSE) and contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound (CETRUS) for prostate cancer detection. Patients with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of ≥4.0 ng/ml were prospectively enrolled between June 2014 and December 2016. 153 prostate nodules diagnosed by conventional ultrasound were prospectively enrolled and examined by CETRUS and RTSE before a biopsy. Multivariate logistic regression models were established for CETRUS, and CETRUS combined with RTSE to diagnose prostate malignancy. The diagnostic performances of CETRUS, RTSE, and their combined use were evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The multivariate logistic regression for CETRUS combined with RTSE showed that enhanced strength, enhanced uniformity, and elasticity scores were the independent predictors of prostate malignancy. The area under the ROC curve of CETRUS combined with RTSE (0.921±0.023) was higher than that of CETRUS and RTSE (0.88±0.029 and 0.80±0.038, respectively; both p<0.05). Moreover, the sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value of CETRUS combined with RTSE were 92.1%, 86.2%, and 84.6%, respectively. The omission diagnostic rate of CETRUS combined with RTSE (7.9%) was reduced. And the diagnostic accuracy of CETRUS combined with RTSE was significantly higher than that of CETRUS and RTSE (p<0.05). While the diagnostic accuracy of CETRUS was close to the RTSE, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The combined RTSE with CETRUS approach significantly improved the sensitivity and overall accuracy for correctly identifying prostate cancer.

Keywords: biopsy; contrast agent; elastography; prostatic neoplasms; ultrasonography.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Ultrasonography of prostate cancer. (A) Transverse transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) image showing a round hypoechoic lesion in the right posterolateral prostate gland (arrow). (B) Left: transverse real-time strain elastography (RTSE) image showing a blue lesion (arrow) in the prostate base peripheral zone, with decreased elasticity. Right: grayscale ultrasound images corresponding to elastography image. (C) The upper left: transverse contrast-enhanced TRUS (CETRUS) target lesion (arrow); the upper right: grayscale ultrasound images corresponding to CETRUS image; the bottom: time intensity profiles showed the target lesion increased intensity (red curve) compared with the adjacent peripheral zone tissues (yellow curve). (D) Histopathological analysis (H&E staining) of the biopsy revealing cancer (Gleason score 6).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Transverse real-time strain elastography (RTSE) image of patient with prostate hyperplasia. A typical elastogram (A) and the corresponding B-mode image (B).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Prostate zone anatomy. Peripheral zone is divided into base, mid gland and apex at each site. Study did not focus on inner gland.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
CETRUS, RTSE and the combined diagnosis of prostate nodules ROC curve.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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