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Review
. 2018 Apr 11;10(4):e2464.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.2464.

The Psycho-cardiac Coupling, Myocardial Remodeling, and Neuroendocrine Factor Levels: The Psychosomatics of Major Depressive Disorder

Javeria N Syeda  1 , Ian H Rutkofsky  1 , Adnan S Muhammad  1 , Tarig H Balla Abdalla  1 , Zahid Saghir  1
Affiliations
Review

The Psycho-cardiac Coupling, Myocardial Remodeling, and Neuroendocrine Factor Levels: The Psychosomatics of Major Depressive Disorder

Javeria N Syeda et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

The association of major depressive disorder (MDD) with myocardial infarction (MI) and vice versa is not unknown. Depression, along with many other systemic factors like atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes and vascular dysfunction, contributes to the development of adverse cardiac events in the future and, has always been a topic of interest in the fields of cardiology and psychosomatics. We wrote this review article to elaborate this relationship in detail. This article suggests that the individuals with type D personality who already had cardiovascular disease had undergone more serious myocardial damage. In addition, we elucidated the effects of depression on sympathetic activity and remodeling of myocardium after MI. The alterations in the neuroendocrine factors, which included the changes in levels of Serotonin (5-HT), Norepinephrine and Corticosterone, also geared towards the changes associated with depression-induced myocardial injury. However, we need more studies in the near future to further dig into this association process. Therefore, we recommend more research to explore the relationship of psychological factors and adverse cardiac outcomes.

Keywords: cardiac depression; depression endocardium; depression epicardium; depression myocardium; heart depression; mi depression.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The processes involved in the psycho-cardiac coupling.
Figure 2
Figure 2. The relationship of neuroendocrine factors in CUMS rat models.
CUMS: Chronic unpredictable mild stress.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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