Analysis of the Influence of microRNAs in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder

Céline S Reinbold^{1

2}, Andreas J Forstner^{1

2

3

4

5}, Julian Hecker⁶, Janice M Fullerton^{7

8}, Per Hoffmann^{1

2

3

4}, Liping Hou⁹, Urs Heilbronner¹⁰, Franziska Degenhardt^{3

4}, Mazda Adli¹¹, Kazufumi Akiyama¹², Nirmala Akula⁹, Raffaella Ardau¹³, Bárbara Arias¹⁴, Lena Backlund¹⁵, Antonio Benabarre¹⁶, Susanne Bengesser¹⁷, Abesh K Bhattacharjee¹⁸, Joanna M Biernacka^{19

20}, Armin Birner¹⁷, Cynthia Marie-Claire^{21

22}, Pablo Cervantes²³, Guo-Bo Chen²⁴, Hsi-Chung Chen²⁵, Caterina Chillotti¹³, Scott R Clark²⁶, Francesc Colom²⁷, David A Cousins²⁸, Cristiana Cruceanu²⁹, Piotr M Czerski³⁰, Alexandre Dayer³¹, Bruno Étain^{21

22

32}, Peter Falkai³³, Louise Frisén¹⁵, Sébastien Gard³⁴, Julie S Garnham³⁵, Fernando S Goes³⁶, Paul Grof³⁷, Oliver Gruber³⁸, Ryota Hashimoto³⁹, Joanna Hauser³⁰, Stefan Herms^{1

2

3

4}, Stéphane Jamain⁴⁰, Esther Jiménez¹⁶, Jean-Pierre Kahn⁴¹, Layla Kassem⁹, Sarah Kittel-Schneider⁴², Sebastian Kliwicki⁴³, Barbara König⁴⁴, Ichiro Kusumi⁴⁵, Nina Lackner¹⁷, Gonzalo Laje⁹, Mikael Landén^{46

47}, Catharina Lavebratt¹⁵, Marion Leboyer⁴⁸, Susan G Leckband⁴⁹, Carlos A López Jaramillo⁵⁰, Glenda MacQueen⁵¹, Mirko Manchia^{52

53}, Lina Martinsson⁵⁴, Manuel Mattheisen⁵⁵, Michael J McCarthy⁵⁶, Susan L McElroy⁵⁷, Marina Mitjans¹⁴, Francis M Mondimore³⁶, Palmiero Monteleone^{58

59}, Caroline M Nievergelt¹⁸, Urban Ösby⁶⁰, Norio Ozaki⁶¹, Roy H Perlis⁶², Andrea Pfennig⁶³, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz¹⁰, Guy A Rouleau⁶⁴, Peter R Schofield^{8

65}, K Oliver Schubert²⁶, Barbara W Schweizer³⁶, Florian Seemüller³³, Giovanni Severino⁶⁶, Tatyana Shekhtman¹⁸, Paul D Shilling¹⁸, Kazutaka Shimoda⁶⁷, Christian Simhandl^{68

69}, Claire M Slaney³⁵, Jordan W Smoller⁶², Alessio Squassina⁶⁶, Thomas J Stamm^{11

70}, Pavla Stopkova⁷¹, Sarah K Tighe⁷², Alfonso Tortorella⁵⁹, Gustavo Turecki²⁹, Julia Volkert⁴², Stephanie H Witt⁷³, Adam J Wright⁷⁴, L Trevor Young⁷⁵, Peter P Zandi⁷⁶, James B Potash⁷², J Raymond DePaulo³⁶, Michael Bauer⁶³, Eva Reininghaus¹⁷, Tomáš Novák⁷¹, Jean-Michel Aubry³¹, Mario Maj⁵⁹, Bernhard T Baune²⁶, Philip B Mitchell⁷⁴, Eduard Vieta¹⁶, Mark A Frye²⁰, Janusz K Rybakowski⁴³, Po-Hsiu Kuo⁷⁷, Tadafumi Kato⁷⁸, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu⁷⁹, Andreas Reif⁴², Maria Del Zompo⁶⁶, Frank Bellivier^{21

22

32}, Martin Schalling¹⁵, Naomi R Wray²⁴, John R Kelsoe¹⁸, Martin Alda^{35

71}, Francis J McMahon⁹, Thomas G Schulze^{9

10

36

38

73}, Marcella Rietschel⁷³, Markus M Nöthen^{3

4}, Sven Cichon^{1

2

3

4

80}

Affiliations

¹ Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
² Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
³ Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
⁴ Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
⁶ Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
⁷ Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁸ School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁹ Intramural Research Program, US Department of Health & Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
¹⁰ Department Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
¹² Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan.
¹³ Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
¹⁴ Zoology and Biological Anthropology Section (Department of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences), Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁵ Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁶ Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁷ Special Outpatient Center for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
¹⁸ Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
¹⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
²⁰ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1144, Paris, France.
²¹ Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.
²² Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
²³ The Neuromodulation Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
²⁴ Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
²⁵ Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
²⁶ Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
²⁷ Mental Health Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁸ Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
²⁹ Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
³⁰ Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
³¹ Mood Disorders Unit, HUG - Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
³² AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France.
³³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
³⁴ Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France.
³⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
³⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
³⁷ Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
³⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
³⁹ Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
⁴⁰ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France.
⁴¹ Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy - Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
⁴² Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
⁴³ Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeuthic Medicine, Landesklinikum Neunkirchen, Neunkirchen, Austria.
⁴⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
⁴⁶ Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁴⁷ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁴⁸ Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Albert Chenevier - Henri Mondor, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France.
⁴⁹ Department of Pharmacy, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
⁵⁰ Department of Psychiatry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
⁵¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
⁵² Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
⁵³ Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
⁵⁴ Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁵⁵ Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
⁵⁶ Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
⁵⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Lindner Center of Hope/University of Cincinnati, Mason, OH, United States.
⁵⁸ Neurosciences Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
⁵⁹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
⁶⁰ Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁶¹ Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
⁶² Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
⁶³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
⁶⁴ Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁶⁵ Mental Illness, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁶⁶ Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
⁶⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan.
⁶⁸ Medical school, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria.
⁶⁹ Bipolar Center Wiener Neustadt, Vienna, Austria.
⁷⁰ Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany.
⁷¹ Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.
⁷² Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States.
⁷³ Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
⁷⁴ School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁷⁵ Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁷⁶ Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
⁷⁷ Department of Public Health and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁷⁸ Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.
⁷⁹ Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
⁸⁰ Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich, Germany.

PMID: 29904359
PMCID: PMC5991073
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00207

Analysis of the Influence of microRNAs in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder

Céline S Reinbold et al. Front Psychiatry. 2018.

. 2018 May 31:9:207.

doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00207. eCollection 2018.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
² Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
³ Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
⁴ Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
⁶ Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
⁷ Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁸ School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁹ Intramural Research Program, US Department of Health & Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
¹⁰ Department Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
¹² Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan.
¹³ Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
¹⁴ Zoology and Biological Anthropology Section (Department of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences), Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁵ Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁶ Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁷ Special Outpatient Center for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
¹⁸ Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
¹⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
²⁰ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1144, Paris, France.
²¹ Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.
²² Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
²³ The Neuromodulation Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
²⁴ Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
²⁵ Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
²⁶ Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
²⁷ Mental Health Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁸ Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
²⁹ Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
³⁰ Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
³¹ Mood Disorders Unit, HUG - Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
³² AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France.
³³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
³⁴ Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France.
³⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
³⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
³⁷ Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
³⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
³⁹ Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
⁴⁰ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France.
⁴¹ Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy - Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
⁴² Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
⁴³ Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeuthic Medicine, Landesklinikum Neunkirchen, Neunkirchen, Austria.
⁴⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
⁴⁶ Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁴⁷ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁴⁸ Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Albert Chenevier - Henri Mondor, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France.
⁴⁹ Department of Pharmacy, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
⁵⁰ Department of Psychiatry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
⁵¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
⁵² Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
⁵³ Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
⁵⁴ Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁵⁵ Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
⁵⁶ Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
⁵⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Lindner Center of Hope/University of Cincinnati, Mason, OH, United States.
⁵⁸ Neurosciences Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
⁵⁹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
⁶⁰ Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁶¹ Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
⁶² Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
⁶³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
⁶⁴ Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁶⁵ Mental Illness, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁶⁶ Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
⁶⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan.
⁶⁸ Medical school, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria.
⁶⁹ Bipolar Center Wiener Neustadt, Vienna, Austria.
⁷⁰ Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany.
⁷¹ Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.
⁷² Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States.
⁷³ Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
⁷⁴ School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁷⁵ Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁷⁶ Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
⁷⁷ Department of Public Health and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁷⁸ Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.
⁷⁹ Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
⁸⁰ Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich, Germany.

PMID: 29904359
PMCID: PMC5991073
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00207

Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common, highly heritable neuropsychiatric disease characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Lithium is the best-established long-term treatment for BD, even though individual response is highly variable. Evidence suggests that some of this variability has a genetic basis. This is supported by the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lithium response to date conducted by the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen). Recently, we performed the first genome-wide analysis of the involvement of miRNAs in BD and identified nine BD-associated miRNAs. However, it is unknown whether these miRNAs are also associated with lithium response in BD. In the present study, we therefore tested whether common variants at these nine candidate miRNAs contribute to the variance in lithium response in BD. Furthermore, we systematically analyzed whether any other miRNA in the genome is implicated in the response to lithium. For this purpose, we performed gene-based tests for all known miRNA coding genes in the ConLiGen GWAS dataset (n = 2,563 patients) using a set-based testing approach adapted from the versatile gene-based test for GWAS (VEGAS2). In the candidate approach, miR-499a showed a nominally significant association with lithium response, providing some evidence for involvement in both development and treatment of BD. In the genome-wide miRNA analysis, 71 miRNAs showed nominally significant associations with the dichotomous phenotype and 106 with the continuous trait for treatment response. A total of 15 miRNAs revealed nominal significance in both phenotypes with miR-633 showing the strongest association with the continuous trait (p = 9.80E-04) and miR-607 with the dichotomous phenotype (p = 5.79E-04). No association between miRNAs and treatment response to lithium in BD in either of the tested conditions withstood multiple testing correction. Given the limited power of our study, the investigation of miRNAs in larger GWAS samples of BD and lithium response is warranted.

Keywords: bipolar disorder; common variants; genome-wide association study; lithium response; microRNA.

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Analysis of the Influence of microRNAs in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder

Affiliations

Analysis of the Influence of microRNAs in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

References

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources