Spectral Doppler findings in a rare case of acute compartment syndrome following leg burn

Abstract

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is an orthopedic emergency condition, which is rarely attributed to burns. It occurs when pressure in an enclosed space rises to a point where it reduces blood flow and impairs tissue perfusion. Its consequences often lead to ischemia and possible necrosis within that space. Until now, the use of Doppler assessment to explore different types of compartment syndrome has yielded contradictory findings. Here, we present a significant increase of blood flow velocity in the arteries proximal to the burned area. Thus, the combination of Duplex ultrasound results with clinical findings will help vascular surgeons to make immediate decision to perform fasciotomy.

Keywords: Compartment syndrome; Spectral Doppler.

Fig. 1

Right popliteal artery (PA) presents increased blood flow velocity (PSV = 80 cm/s) with features of spectral broadening and absence of the triphasic high-resistance waveform pattern. PSV, peak systolic velocity.

Fig. 2

Right tibioperoneal trunk (TPT) proximal to the burned area with increased blood flow velocity (PSV = 90 cm/s) above its normal range. PSV, peak systolic velocity.