Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2017 Jul 10;5(3):50.
doi: 10.3390/sports5030050.

Determinants and Reasons for Dropout in Swimming -Systematic Review

Diogo Monteiro  1   2 , Luis Cid  3   4 , Daniel Almeida Marinho  5   6 , João Moutão  7   8 , Anabela Vitorino  9 , Teresa Bento  10   11
Affiliations
Review

Determinants and Reasons for Dropout in Swimming -Systematic Review

Diogo Monteiro et al. Sports (Basel). .

Abstract

The present research aims to systematically review the determinants and reasons for swimming dropout. The systematic review was conducted through electronic searches on the Web of Knowledge and PsycInfo databases from 2 February to 29 July 2015, using the keywords dropout, withdrawal, motives, reasons, sport, framework-theories, motivation, swim*, review, attrition and compliance. Fifteen studies were found and six were fully reviewed and its data extracted and analysed. Most studies were undertaken in Canada and in the United States of America (USA), and one study was conducted in Spain. Most participants were female (65.74%), and the main reasons for dropout were 'conflicts with their trainers', 'other things to do', 'competence improvements' failure', 'parents, couples or trainers' pressure', 'lack of enjoyment' and 'get bored'. This review contributes to the present knowledge on the understanding of dropout in swimming. However, it is necessary to continue researching on this topic, validating measurement instruments and studying the motivational processes related to dropout and persistence.

Keywords: attrition; reasons; swimming; systematic review.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors do not have any conflict of interest regarding this study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study Flowchart 2015.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Fraser-Thomas J., Côte J., Deakin J. Examining adolescent sport dropout and prolonged engagement from a developmental perspective. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 2008;20:318–333. doi: 10.1080/10413200802163549. - DOI
    1. Salguero A., González-Boto C., Tuero C., Márquez S. Identification of dropout reasons in young competitive swimmers. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2003;43:530–534. - PubMed
    1. Sallis J.F. Age-related decline in physical activity: A synthesis of human and animal studies. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2000;32:1598–1600. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200009000-00012. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Weiss M., Amorose B. Motivational orientations and sport behaviour. In: Horn T., editor. Advances in Sport Psychologist. 3rd ed. Volume 3. Human Kinetics; Champaign, IL, USA: 2008. pp. 115–156.
    1. Petlichkoff L. The drop-out dilemma in youth sports. In: Bar-Or O., editor. The Child and Adolescent Athlete: Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine. 1st ed. Blackwell Science; Oxford, UK: 1996. pp. 418–429.

LinkOut - more resources