Unanswered Questions Regarding Sex and BMP/TGF-β Signaling

doi:10.3390/jdb6020014

Review

. 2018 Jun 16;6(2):14.

doi: 10.3390/jdb6020014.

Unanswered Questions Regarding Sex and BMP/TGF-β Signaling

Tapan A Shah¹, Melissa B Rogers²

Affiliations

¹ Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Molecular Genetics, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. shaht3@njms.rutgers.edu.
² Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Molecular Genetics, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. rogersmb@njms.rutgers.edu.

PMID: 29914150
PMCID: PMC6027345
DOI: 10.3390/jdb6020014

Review

Unanswered Questions Regarding Sex and BMP/TGF-β Signaling

Tapan A Shah et al. J Dev Biol. 2018.

. 2018 Jun 16;6(2):14.

doi: 10.3390/jdb6020014.

Authors

Tapan A Shah¹, Melissa B Rogers²

Affiliations

¹ Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Molecular Genetics, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. shaht3@njms.rutgers.edu.
² Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Molecular Genetics, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. rogersmb@njms.rutgers.edu.

PMID: 29914150
PMCID: PMC6027345
DOI: 10.3390/jdb6020014

Abstract

Crosstalk between the BMP and TGF-β signaling pathways regulates many complex developmental processes from the earliest stages of embryogenesis throughout adult life. In many situations, the two signaling pathways act reciprocally. For example, TGF-β signaling is generally pro-fibrotic, whereas BMP signaling is anti-fibrotic and pro-calcific. Sex-specific differences occur in many diseases including cardiovascular pathologies. Differing ratios of fibrosis and calcification in stenotic valves suggests that BMP/TGF-β signaling may vary in men and women. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the interplay between sex and BMP/TGF-β signaling and pose several unanswered questions.

Keywords: BMP; TGF-β; XIST; chromosomes; fibrosis; genomic imprinting; hormones; sex; signaling.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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References

1. Wu B., Wang Y., Xiao F., Butcher J.T., Yutzey K.E., Zhou B. Developmental Mechanisms of Aortic Valve Malformation and Disease. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2017;79:21–41. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034001. - DOI - PubMed
1. Kruithof B.P., Duim S.N., Moerkamp A.T., Goumans M.J. TGFbeta and BMP signaling in cardiac cushion formation: Lessons from mice and chicken. Differentiation. 2012;84:89–102. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.04.003. - DOI - PubMed
1. Dutta P., Lincoln J. Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: A Developmental Biology Perspective. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 2018;20:21. doi: 10.1007/s11886-018-0968-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Sritharen Y., Enriquez-Sarano M., Schaff H.V., Casaclang-Verzosa G., Miller J.D. Pathophysiology of Aortic Valve Stenosis: Is It Both Fibrocalcific and Sex Specific? Physiology. 2017;32:182–196. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00025.2016. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Aggarwal S.R., Clavel M.A., Messika-Zeitoun D., Cueff C., Malouf J., Araoz P.A., Mankad R., Michelena H., Vahanian A., Enriquez-Sarano M. Sex differences in aortic valve calcification measured by multidetector computed tomography in aortic stenosis. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2013;6:40–47. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112.980052. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Wu B., Wang Y., Xiao F., Butcher J.T., Yutzey K.E., Zhou B. Developmental Mechanisms of Aortic Valve Malformation and Disease. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2017;79:21–41. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034001. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Wu B., Wang Y., Xiao F., Butcher J.T., Yutzey K.E., Zhou B. Developmental Mechanisms of Aortic Valve Malformation and Disease. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2017;79:21–41. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034001. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Kruithof B.P., Duim S.N., Moerkamp A.T., Goumans M.J. TGFbeta and BMP signaling in cardiac cushion formation: Lessons from mice and chicken. Differentiation. 2012;84:89–102. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.04.003. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Kruithof B.P., Duim S.N., Moerkamp A.T., Goumans M.J. TGFbeta and BMP signaling in cardiac cushion formation: Lessons from mice and chicken. Differentiation. 2012;84:89–102. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.04.003. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Dutta P., Lincoln J. Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: A Developmental Biology Perspective. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 2018;20:21. doi: 10.1007/s11886-018-0968-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Dutta P., Lincoln J. Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: A Developmental Biology Perspective. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 2018;20:21. doi: 10.1007/s11886-018-0968-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Sritharen Y., Enriquez-Sarano M., Schaff H.V., Casaclang-Verzosa G., Miller J.D. Pathophysiology of Aortic Valve Stenosis: Is It Both Fibrocalcific and Sex Specific? Physiology. 2017;32:182–196. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00025.2016. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Sritharen Y., Enriquez-Sarano M., Schaff H.V., Casaclang-Verzosa G., Miller J.D. Pathophysiology of Aortic Valve Stenosis: Is It Both Fibrocalcific and Sex Specific? Physiology. 2017;32:182–196. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00025.2016. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Aggarwal S.R., Clavel M.A., Messika-Zeitoun D., Cueff C., Malouf J., Araoz P.A., Mankad R., Michelena H., Vahanian A., Enriquez-Sarano M. Sex differences in aortic valve calcification measured by multidetector computed tomography in aortic stenosis. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2013;6:40–47. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112.980052. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Aggarwal S.R., Clavel M.A., Messika-Zeitoun D., Cueff C., Malouf J., Araoz P.A., Mankad R., Michelena H., Vahanian A., Enriquez-Sarano M. Sex differences in aortic valve calcification measured by multidetector computed tomography in aortic stenosis. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2013;6:40–47. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112.980052. - DOI - PubMed

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Unanswered Questions Regarding Sex and BMP/TGF-β Signaling

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Unanswered Questions Regarding Sex and BMP/TGF-β Signaling

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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References

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LinkOut - more resources

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