Magnetic Particle Filled Elastomeric Hybrid Composites and Their Magnetorheological Response

Abstract

The magnetorheological (MR) elastomer as a hard and soft hybrid functional material, a composite material consisting of magnetic hard particles embedded in elastomeric soft matrix, is a branch of MR materials that are functional smart materials rapidly responding to external magnetic fields. These tunable properties of MR elastomers facilitate a variety of applications. In this brief review paper, in addition to general information on the MR elastomers, recent research not only on a wide variety of MR elastomeric systems focusing on various magnetic particles, elastomeric matrices, additives and particle modification methods, but also on their characteristics including MR properties from dynamic oscillation tests is covered along with their mechanical properties such as the Payne effect, tensile strength and engineering applications.

Keywords: damping property; magnetic particle; magnetorheological elastomer; viscoelastic.

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of fabrication process of isotropic and anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers (MRE).

Figure 2

SEM and Fe-mapping images of the pure carbonyl iron (CI) particles incorporated in the natural rubber (NR)-based isotropic (a,c) (reprinted with permission from [50], Copyright 2016 Elsevier B. V., New York, NY, USA) and anisotropic (b,d) MR elastomers (reprinted with permission from [79], Copyright 2017 Elsevier B. V., New York, NY, USA).

Figure 3

Magnetization curves of (a) the epoxidized NR (ENR)-based MR elastomers for different contents of CI particles (reprinted with permission from [85], Copyright 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, UK) and (b) the MR elastomers samples containing CNTs (reprinted with permission from [103], Copyright 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, UK).

Figure 4

Strain amplitude sweep curves of the NR-based MR elastomers under various magnetic field strengths: (a) isotropic MR elastomers and (b) anisotropic MR elastomers (reprinted with permission from [50], Copyright 2016 Elsevier B. V., New York, NY, USA).

Figure 5

Frequency sweep test: storage modulus (a) and loss modulus (b) as a function of angular frequency for the anisotropic NR-based MR elastomers under various magnetic field strengths. (closed symbols: CI/(3-aminopropyl) triethoxy silane (APTES) MR elastomers; open symbols: pure CI MR elastomers) (reprinted with permission from [79], Copyright 2017 Elsevier B. V., New York, NY, USA).

Figure 6

Relative MR effect of (a) CI/APTES MR elastomer and (b) CI MRE as a function of angular frequency under various magnetic field strengths (reprinted with permission from [79], Copyright 2017 Elsevier B. V., New York, NY, USA).

Figure 7

Creep and recovery curves of pure elastomer and the MR elastomer samples without (a) and with (b) the stimuli of a magnetic field (171 kA/m). Applied stress is 30 Pa (reprinted with permission from [119], Copyright 2012 Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany).

Figure 8

The storage moduli of (a) CI/PMMA- (dotted) and pure CI- (solid) based MR elastomers (reprinted with permission from [75], Copyright 2009 Elsevier B. V., New York, NY, USA) and (b) CI/APTES- (A_SI, circle) and pure CI- (A_HAF, square) based MR elastomers (reprinted with permission from [79], Copyright 2017 Elsevier B. V., New York, NY, USA).

Figure 9

Loss factor of (a) CI/PMMA- (dotted) and pure CI- (solid) based MR elastomers (reprinted with permission from [75], Copyright 2009 Elsevier B. V., New York, NY, USA) and (b) CI/APTES- (A_SI, circle) and pure CI- (A_HAF, square) based MR elastomers (reprinted with permission from [79], Copyright 2017 Elsevier B. V., New York, NY, USA).

Figure 10

Tensile test results of pure silicone rubber, isotropic and anisotropic MR elastomers with various iron content in the absence of a magnetic field (a) (reprinted with permission from [124], Copyright 2015 Elsevier B. V., New York, NY, USA) and (b) pure silicone rubber, isotropic and anisotropic MR elastomers with 15 vol% of iron content in the presence of a magnetic field (123 kA/m) (reprinted with permission from [125], Copyright 2002 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd., Singapore).

Figure 11

MR elastomer-based vibration absorber involving eccentric mass (a) (reprinted with permission from [134], Copyright 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, UK) and shear-compression mixed-mode MRE isolator (b) (reprinted with permission from [135], Copyright 2015 SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA).