Renoprotective effects of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease: A randomized open-label prospective trial

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the renoprotective effects of canagliflozin, we assessed the albuminuria-lowering effect in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: In this prospective, open-label, parallel-group study, type 2 diabetes patients with CKD were randomized to receive either oral canagliflozin (100 mg/day) or usual care (control group) for 52 weeks. Endpoints included changes in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), other urinary biomarkers, laboratory parameters, and adverse events.

Results: Both groups included 20 patients in the analysis. Mean changes in UACR was -83 (-266 to -31) mg/gCr and 27 (-11 to 131) mg/gCr, in the canagliflozin and control groups, respectively ( p = 0.004). Urinary liver-type free acid binding protein, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, and β₂-microglobulin levels were also significantly decreased in the canagliflozin group, but not in the control group. Mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate at the end of the study was 0.7 and -3.4 mL/min/1.73 m² in the canagliflozin and control group, respectively ( p = 0.024). Canagliflozin treatment led to improvement of glycaemic control and reduction in body weight, blood pressure, and liver transaminase. There were no adverse events associated with canagliflozin.

Conclusion: Canagliflozin was associated with slower progression of kidney disease and reduction in albuminuria and tubulointerstitial markers in diabetes patients with CKD.

Keywords: Albuminuria; canagliflozin; chronic kidney disease; type 2 diabetes.