Blastomycosis in Southern Saskatchewan 2000-2015: Unique presentations and disease characteristics

Abstract

In the literature, cases of blastomycosis in Canada have been documented in provinces bordering the Great Lakes, including Ontario and Quebec, as well as Manitoba. This is the first study to our knowledge reporting cases of mycosis seen in southern Saskatchewan suggesting a broader area of endemicity. We searched the Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region (RQHR) Microbiology Laboratory for all culture-confirmed cases of Blastomyces from January 2000 to December 2015 and identified 15 cases. Thirteen cases were reviewed, identifying common presenting symptoms, misdiagnosis, comorbidities, travel history, time from presentation to diagnosis, diagnostic specimen, treatment, and clinical outcome. Nine patients had no travel to areas known to be endemic to environmental blastomycosis. Eight patients presented with respiratory symptoms, four with skin lesions, four with constitutional symptoms, and one presented with chest pain after a fall. Initial misdiagnosis occurred in nine (69%) of the 13 cases, and all six patients that died of the disease were misdiagnosed. These six patients (46%) were acutely ill with refractory disseminated disease, leading to respiratory failure. It is probable that Blastomyces is present as an endemic fungus in the soil of southern Saskatchewan. Possibly due to a lack of awareness of this pathogen in the area, initial misdiagnoses were common and likely contributed to significant morbidity and mortality.