Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Jun 1;10(6):e537-e541.
doi: 10.4317/jced.54478. eCollection 2018 Jun.

Titanium dioxide in dental enamel as a trace element and its variation with bleaching

Tatiana Vargas-Koudriavtsev  1 , Randall Durán-Sedó  2 , Óscar-Andrey Herrera-Sancho  3
Affiliations

Titanium dioxide in dental enamel as a trace element and its variation with bleaching

Tatiana Vargas-Koudriavtsev et al. J Clin Exp Dent. .

Abstract

Background: Titanium is a less studied trace element in dental enamel. Literature relates an increased Titanium concentration with a decreased enamel crystal domain size, which in turn is related to a higher color value. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of tooth bleaching agents on its concentration in dental enamel by means of confocal Raman spectroscopy.

Material and methods: Human teeth were randomly distributed in six experimental groups (n=10) and submitted to different bleaching protocols according to the manufacturer´s instructions. Confocal Raman spectroscopy was carried out in order to identify and quantify the presence of titanium dioxide molecules in enamel prior to and during whitening. Statistical analysis included repeated measures analysis of variance (p≤0.05) and Bonferroni pairwise comparisons.

Results: Titanium dioxide concentration was negatively affected by the longer bleaching protocols (at-home bleaching gels). All in-office whitening products increased significantly the studied molecule (p≤0,05).

Conclusions: All dental specimens depicted the presence of titanium dioxide as a trace element in dental enamel. Bleaching gels that have to be applied at higher concentrations but for shorter periods of time increase the concentration of titanium dioxide, whilst at-home whitening gels used for longer periods of time despite the lower concentration caused a loss in titanium. Key words:Bleaching, whitening, hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, Raman spectroscopy, titanium dioxide.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: The authors of the present study deny any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Variation of the Titanium during the treatment weeks.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Curzon MJ, Losee FL. Dental caries and trace element composition of whole human enamel: Eastern United States. J Am Dent Assoc. 1977;94:1146–50. - PubMed
    1. Jaouen K, Herrscher E, Balter V. Copper and zinc isotope ratios in human bone and enamel. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2017;162:491–500. - PubMed
    1. Qamar Z, Haji Abdul Rahim ZB, Chew HP, Fatima T. Influence of trace elements on dental enamel properties: A review. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67:116–20. - PubMed
    1. Riyat M, Sharma DC. Analysis of 35 inorganic elements in teeth in relation to caries formation. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009;129:126–9. - PubMed
    1. Fatima T, Haji Abdul Rahim ZB, Lin CW, Qamar Z. Zinc: A precious trace element for oral health care? J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66:1019–23. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources