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. 2018 Jun 22;13(6):e0198457.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198457. eCollection 2018.

Altered intestinal microbiota composition, antibiotic therapy and intestinal inflammation in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Maiara Brusco de Freitas  1 , Emilia Addison Machado Moreira  1 , Camila Tomio  1 , Yara Maria Franco Moreno  2 , Felipe Perozzo Daltoe  3 , Eliana Barbosa  4 , Norberto Ludwig Neto  4 , Vittoria Buccigrossi  5 , Alfredo Guarino  5
Affiliations

Altered intestinal microbiota composition, antibiotic therapy and intestinal inflammation in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Maiara Brusco de Freitas et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cystic fibrosis and antibiotic therapy on intestinal microbiota composition and intestinal inflammation in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional controlled study was conducted with 36 children and adolescents: 19 in the cystic fibrosis group (CFG) and 17 in the control group (CG) matched for age and sex. The CFG was subdivided based on the use of antibiotic therapy (CFAB group) and non-use of antibiotic therapy (CFnAB group). The following data were evaluated: colonization, antibiotic therapy, mutation, breastfeeding, use of infant formula, type of delivery, introduction of solid foods, body mass index, fecal calprotectin and intestinal microbiota composition (fluorescence in situ hybridization). Intestinal inflammation evaluated by fecal calprotectin was significantly higher in the CFG (median: 40.80 µg/g, IQR: 19.80-87.10, p = 0.040) and CFAB group (median: 62.95 µg/g, IQR: 21.80-136.62, p = 0.045) compared to the CG (median: 20.15 µg/g, IQR: 16.20-31.00), and the Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the CFG compared to the CG, whereas the bacteria Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly increased in the CFG (p < 0.05). The main differences were found between the CG and CFAB group for Eubacterium rectale (p = 0.006), Bifidobacterium (p = 0.017), Escherichia coli (p = 0.030), Firmicutes (p = 0.002), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p < 0.001) and Clostridium difficile (p = 0.006). The results of this study confirm intestinal inflammation in patients with CF, which may be related to changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Correlation between body mass index (BMI) and intestinal microorganisms.Cystic fibrosis group (CFG), Control group (CG).*p <0.05.
BMI: Body mass index. CFG: Cystic fibrosis group. CG: Control group.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Correlation between fecal calprotectin and intestinal microorganisms in cystic fibrosis group (CFC) and control group (CG). * p <0.05.
CFG: Cystic fibrosis group. CG: Control group. Spearman’s correlation, *p < 0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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