Polymerization kinetics of experimental bioactive composites containing bioactive glass

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the polymerization kinetics and the degree of conversion (DC) of experimental resin composites with varying amount of bioactive glass 45S5 (BG).

Methods: Experimental resin composites based on a photo-curable Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin system were prepared. The composite series contained 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 wt% of BG and reinforcing fillers up to the total filler amount of 70 wt%. Composite specimens were light cured with 1219 mW/cm² for 20 or 40 s and their DC was monitored during 5 min at the data collection rate of 2 s^-1 using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR).

Results: The 5-min DC values for experimental composites were in the range of 42.4-55.9% and 47.3-57.9% for curing times of 20 and 40 s, respectively. The differences in the 5-min DC between curing times of 20 s or 40 s became more pronounced in materials with higher BG amount. Within both curing times, a decreasing trend of the 5-min DC values was observed with the increasing percentage of BG fillers. The maximum polymerization rate also decreased consistently with the increasing BG amount.

Conclusions: Unsilanized BG fillers showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on polymerization rate and the DC. Extending the curing time from 20 to 40 s showed a limited potential to improve the DC of composites with higher BG amount.

Significance: The observed inhibitory effect of BG fillers on the polymerization of resin composites may have a negative influence on mechanical properties and biocompatibility.

Keywords: Bioactive composites; Bioactive glass 45S5; Degree of conversion; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); Polymerization kinetics; Remineralizing composites.