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. 2018 Oct 1:238:513-521.
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.014. Epub 2018 May 30.

Prevalence of Childhood Affective disorders in Turkey: An epidemiological study

Gul Karacetin  1 , Ayse Rodopman Arman  2 , Nese Perdahli Fis  3 , Esra Demirci  4 , Sevgi Ozmen  5 , Selma Tural Hesapcioglu  6 , Didem Oztop  7 , Ali Evren Tufan  8 , Umit Tural  9 , Evrim Aktepe  10 , Hatice Aksu  11 , Ulku Akyol Ardic  12 , Senem Basgul  13 , Oznur Bilac  14 , Murat Coskun  15 , Gonca Gul Celik  16 , Sevcan Karakoc Demirkaya  17 , Onur Burak Dursun  18 , Ibrahim Durukan  19 , Tulin Fidan  20 , Salih Gencoglan  21 , Cem Gokcen  22 , Emel Sari Gokten  23 , Isık Gorker  24 , Vahdet Gormez  25 , Ozlem Yildiz Gundogdu  26 , Cihat Kagan Gurkan  27 , Sabri Herguner  28 , Hasan Kandemir  29 , Birim Gunay Kilic  30 , Ayse Kilincaslan  31 , Tuba Mutluer  32 , Serhat Nasiroglu  33 , Ozlem Ozel Ozcan  34 , Mucahit Ozturk  35 , Sermin Yalin Sapmaz  36 , Serkan Suren  37 , Nilfer Sahin  38 , Aysegul Yolga Tahiroglu  39 , Fevziye Toros  40 , Fatih Unal  41 , Pinar Vural  42 , Ipek Percinel Yazici  43 , Kemal Utku Yazici  44 , Veli Yildirim  45 , Yasemin Yulaf  46 , Murat Yuce  47 , Tugba Yuksel  48 , Devrim Akdemir  49 , Hatice Altun  50 , Basak Ayik  51 , Ayhan Bilgic  52 , Ozlem Hekim Bozkurt  53 , Emine Demirbas Cakir  54 , Veysi Ceri  55 , Nagehan Ucok Demir  56 , Gulser Dinc  57 , Mustafa Yasin Irmak  58 , Dursun Karaman  59 , Mehmet Fatih Kinik  60 , Betul Mazlum  61 , Nursu Cakin Memik  62 , Dilsad Foto Ozdemir  63 , Hayati Sinir  64 , Bedia Ince Tasdelen  65 , Beril Taskin  66 , Cagatay Ugur  67 , Pınar Uran  68 , Taciser Uysal  69 , Ozden Sukran Uneri  70 , Savas Yilmaz  71 , Sultan Seval Yilmaz  72 , Burak Acikel  73 , Huseyin Aktas  74 , Rumeysa Alaca  75 , Betul Gul Alic  76 , Mahmoud Almbaidheen  77 , Fatma Pinar Ari  78 , Cihan Aslan  79 , Ender Atabay  80 , Merve Gunay Ay  81 , Hilal Aydemir  82 , Gülseda Ayranci  83 , Zehra Babadagi  84 , Hasan Bayar  85 , Pelin Con Bayhan  86 , Ozlem Bayram  87 , Nese Dikmeer Bektas  88 , Kivanc Kudret Berberoglu  89 , Recep Bostan  90 , Yasemin Cakan  91 , Merve Arici Canli  92 , Mehmet Akif Cansiz  93 , Cansin Ceylan  94 , Nese Coskun  95 , Seyma Coskun  96 , Ibrahim Demir  97 , Nuran Demir  98 , Esen Yildirim Demirdogen  99 , Busra Dogan  100 , Yunus Emre Donmez  101 , Funda Donder  102 , Aysegul Efe  103 , Safak Eray  104 , Seda Erbilgin  105 , Semih Erden  106 , Elif Gokce Ersoy  107 , Tugba Eseroglu  108 , Sumeyra Kina Firat  109 , Ezgi Eynalli Gok  110 , Seyda Celik Goksoy  111 , Gulen Guler  112 , Zafer Gules  113 , Gulay Gunay  114 , Serkan Gunes  115 , Adem Gunes  116 , Gokcen Guven  117 , Havvana Horozcu  118 , Ayse Irmak  119 , Umit Isik  120 , Ozlem Kahraman  121 , Bilge Merve Kalayci  122 , Umut Karaaslan  123 , Mehmet Karadag  124 , Hilal Tugba Kilic  125 , Fethiye Kilicaslan  126 , Duygu Kinay  127 , Esra Bulanik Koc  128 , Omer Kocael  129 , Rahime Kadir Mutlu  130 , Zejnep San  131 , Kevser Nalbant  132 , Nilufer Okumus  133 , Fatih Ozbek  134 , Fatma Akkus Ozdemir  135 , Hanife Ozdemir  136 , Borte Gurbuz Ozgur  137 , Selcuk Ozkan  138 , Esra Yildirim Ozyurt  139 , Berna Polat  140 , Hatice Polat  141 , Ebru Sekmen  142 , Mehmet Sertcelik  143 , Feyza Hatice Sevgen  144 , Oguz Sevince  145 , Ulker Shamkhalova  146 , Funda Suleyman  147 , Nurcan Eren Simsek  148 , Yasar Tanir  149 , Mehmet Tekden  150 , Seyhan Temtek  151 , Melike Topal  152 , Zehra Topal  153 , Tugba Turk  154 , Halit Necmi Ucar  155 , Filiz Ucar  156 , Duygu Uygun  157 , Necati Uzun  158 , Zeynep Vatansever  159 , Neslihan Gokce Yazgili  160 , Dilsad Miniksar Yildiz  161 , Nazike Yildiz  162 , Eyup Sabri Ercan  163
Affiliations

Prevalence of Childhood Affective disorders in Turkey: An epidemiological study

Gul Karacetin et al. J Affect Disord. .

Abstract

Aim: To determine the prevalence of affective disorders in Turkey among a representative sample of Turkish population.

Methods: This study was conducted as a part of the "The Epidemiology of Childhood Psychopathology in Turkey" (EPICPAT-T) Study, which was designed by the Turkish Association of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. The inclusion criterion was being a student between the second and fourth grades in the schools assigned as study centers. The assessment tools used were the K-SADS-PL, and a sociodemographic form that was designed by the authors. Impairment was assessed via a 3 point-Likert type scale independently rated by a parent and a teacher.

Results: A total of 5842 participants were included in the analyses. The prevalence of affective disorders was 2.5 % without considering impairment and 1.6 % when impairment was taken into account. In our sample, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was lacking, thus depressive disorders constituted all the cases. Among depressive disorders with impairment, major depressive disorder (MDD) (prevalence of 1.06%) was the most common, followed by dysthymia (prevalence of 0.2%), adjustment disorder with depressive features (prevalence of 0.17%), and depressive disorder-NOS (prevalence of 0.14%). There were no statistically significant gender differences for depression. Maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness were predictors of affective disorders with pervasive impairment.

Conclusion: MDD was the most common depressive disorder among Turkish children in this nationwide epidemiological study. This highlights the severe nature of depression and the importance of early interventions. Populations with maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness may be the most appropriate targets for interventions to prevent and treat depression in children and adolescents.

Keywords: Affective disorders; Depressive disorder; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Turkey.

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