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. 2017;44(1-2):77-97.
doi: 10.1007/s12114-017-9248-y. Epub 2017 Jan 1.

Competitive Swimming and Racial Disparities in Drowning

Samuel L Myers Jr  1 , Ana M Cuesta  2 , Yufeng Lai  3
Affiliations

Competitive Swimming and Racial Disparities in Drowning

Samuel L Myers Jr et al. Rev Black Polit Econ. 2017.

Abstract

This paper provides compelling evidence of an inverse relationship between competitive swimming rates and drowning rates using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data on fatal drowning rates and membership rates from USA Swimming, the governing organization of competitive swimming in the United States. Tobit and Poisson regression models are estimated using panel data by state from 1999-2007 separately for males, females, African Americans and whites. The strong inverse relationship between competitive swimming rates and unintentional deaths through fatal drowning is most pronounced among African Americans males.

Keywords: Drowning; Racial disparities; Swimming; Underrepresentation.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Black Drowning Rate Per 100,000 Source: Authors’ calculations from merged time series cross-sectional data, Drowning in US Swimming.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Black Male Drowning on White/Black Lifeguard Rate
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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