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The most common cause of acute kidney injury is acute tubular necrosis (ATN), and renal survival is closely related to the severity of ATN. Acute tubular necrosis is most common in hospitalized individuals and is associated with high morbidity and mortality; it can also occur in the community and is referred to as community-acquired ATN. The pattern of injury that defines acute tubular necrosis includes renal cell damage and death. An ischemic event, a nephrotoxic mechanism, or a mixture of both causes intrarenal vasoconstriction or a direct effect of drug toxicity. Unsurprisingly, those with underlying renal disease are prone to more severe ATN than those without underlying disease.
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Santos WJ, Zanetta DM, Pires AC, Lobo SM, Lima EQ, Burdmann EA. Patients with ischaemic, mixed and nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis in the intensive care unit--a homogeneous population? Crit Care. 2006;10(2):R68.
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Chen Q, Xiao D, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Lin X, Ji Q, Han Y, Yu L, Xu J. Neutrophil-Mimetic oleanolic acid-loaded Liposomes targeted to alleviate oxidative stress for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury treatment. Int J Pharm X. 2025 Jun;9:100344.
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Schrier RW, Shchekochikhin D, Ginès P. Renal failure in cirrhosis: prerenal azotemia, hepatorenal syndrome and acute tubular necrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Jul;27(7):2625-8.
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