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. 2018 Jun 26;18(1):263.
doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1800-7.

Hemoglobin levels during the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia and preterm birth in Chinese women: a retrospective study

Chen Wang  1 , Li Lin  1 , Rina Su  1 , Weiwei Zhu  1   2 , Yumei Wei  1 , Jie Yan  1 , Hui Feng  1 , Boya Li  1 , Shuang Li  1 , Huixia Yang  3
Affiliations

Hemoglobin levels during the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia and preterm birth in Chinese women: a retrospective study

Chen Wang et al. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. .

Abstract

Background: Hemoglobin (Hb) measurement is a standard test among pregnant women during the first perinatal visit that is used to evaluate physical status and anemia. However, studies focusing on Hb levels and pregnancy outcomes are scarce. This study aimed to determine whether Hb levels in early pregnancy were associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pre-eclampsia (PE) and preterm birth.

Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted among 21,577 singleton, non-smoking pregnancies between June 2013 and January 2015. The demographic data and medical information of each participant were collected individually through questionnaires and patient medical records. Odds ratios were generated using a multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relative risk of GDM, PE and preterm birth continuously and across different hemoglobin ranges in the overall population and in women from different pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories, respectively. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results: (1) For women who were underweight, normal-weight, overweight and obese, early pregnancy Hb levels were 127.8 ± 10.1 g/L, 129.6 ± 9.7 g/L, 132.2 ± 9.5 g/L and 133.4 ± 9.4 g/L, respectively. (2) Women with GDM and PE had significantly increased Hb levels during early pregnancy compared with controls, whereas women with preterm birth processed significantly decreased Hb levels. (3) After adjusting for confounders, the risks for GDM and PE increased with high maternal Hb (OR: 1.27 for Hb 130-149; OR: 2.06 for Hb ≥ 150 g/L), and the risk for preterm birth decreased with high maternal Hb (OR: 1.30 for Hb 130-149; OR: 2.38 for Hb ≥ 150 g/L) and increased with low maternal Hb (OR: 1.41 for Hb < 110 g/L). Among women whose BMI was < 24 kg/m2, high GDM (OR: 1.27 for Hb 130-149; OR: 1.84 for Hb ≥ 150 g/L) and low preterm rates (OR: 0.77 for Hb 130-149; OR: 0.23 for Hb ≥ 150 g/L) were observed with high Hb, whereas in women whose BMI was ≥24 kg/m2, only high GDM rates were observed with Hb > 150 g/L (OR: 2.33).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that Hb levels during early pregnancy play a role in predicting the risk of GDM, PE and preterm birth.

Keywords: Body mass index; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Hemoglobin; Pre-eclampsia; Preterm birth.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the First Hospital, Peking University (Reference number: 2013[578]). All participants provided written informed consent, and the Ethics Committee approved the consent procedure.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Maternal hemoglobin concentrations in pregnancies with different pre-pregnancy body mass index (p-BMI)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The proportion of hemoglobin concentrations in women with different pre-pregnancy body mass index (p-BMI) categories
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effects of hemoglobin concentration on GDM, PE and preterm birth during the first trimester
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Smoothed histograms and spline plots displaying ORs and 95% CIs describing the association between hemoglobin during early pregnancy and the risk of GDM, PE, and preterm birth among all participants and the two p-BMI subgroups (a panel for the total population, b panel for women with pre-pregnancy BMI <24kg/m2, c panel for women with pre-pregnancy BMI <24kg/m2
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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