Prevalence and causes of visual impairment among adults aged 15-49 years in a rural area of north India - A population-based study

Abstract

Purpose: Very few studies have been conducted in India and other parts of the world on visual impairment among individuals aged 15-49 years. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, causes, and associated factors of visual impairment among adults aged 15-49 years in a rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana, north India.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two blocks of Jhajjar district. A total of 34 villages were selected using probability proportionate to size sampling method. Adults aged 15-49 years were selected using compact segment cluster sampling approach. As part of the house-to-house survey, presenting visual acuity using screening chart corresponding to five "E" 6/12 optotypes was measured along with collection of other demographic details. The optometrists performed detailed eye assessment including repeat measurement of visual acuity using retro-illuminated conventional logMAR tumbling "E" charts, torch light examination, and non-cycloplegic refraction at a clinic site within the village to ascertain visual impairment and its cause.

Results: Of 5,470 enumerated adults, 5,117 (94%) completed all study procedures. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of visual impairment was found to be 1.85% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48, 2.23] and blindness was 0.09% (95% CI: 0.01, 0.18). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of unilateral visual impairment was 1.11% (95% CI: 0.81, 1.41). Uncorrected refractive errors (84%) contributed maximum to visual impairment in this age group. The visual impairment in study participants was found to be associated with age and educational status.

Conclusion: At the community level, uncorrected refractive errors contribute largely to visual impairment in the age group of 15-49 years.

Keywords: Adults; Jhajjar; prevalence; rural; visual impairment.