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. 2018 Jun 26;13(6):e0198072.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198072. eCollection 2018.

Effect of different planting areas on the chemical compositions and hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of mulberry leaf extracts in Southern China

Jing-Yi Hao  1   2   3 , Yi Wan  1   2   3 , Xiao-Hui Yao  1   2   3 , Wei-Guo Zhao  1   2   3 , Run-Ze Hu  1   2   3 , Cong Chen  1   2   3 , Long Li  1   2   3 , Dong-Yang Zhang  1   2   3 , Guo-Hua Wu  1   2   3
Affiliations

Effect of different planting areas on the chemical compositions and hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of mulberry leaf extracts in Southern China

Jing-Yi Hao et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Guangdong, Guangxi and Chongqing are emerging sericulture areas in China where the production of mulberry leaves is huge. In order to identity high quality mulberry leaves that are suitable for healthy products to expand planting, 24 samples from three regions (Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing) in the south of China were quantified for two alkaloids (1-deoxynojirimycin and fagomine) and five phenols (chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, etc.) using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Additionally, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and glycosidase inhibitory activities (hypoglycemic activity) were tested using different assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) to comprehensively evaluate the quality of the mulberry leaves. The contents of DNJ and fagomine ranged from 0.401±0.003 to 5.309±0.036 mg/g and from 0.279±0.031 to 2.300±0.060 mg/g, respectively. The main phenolic constituents were chlorogenic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin, with chlorogenic acid present in the highest concentrations, ranging from 3.104±0.191 to 10.050±0.143 mg/g. The antioxidant activity exhibited a tendency as follows: Guangxi > Guangdong > Chongqing, except for two samples from Chongqing, which showed the highest antioxidant activity. Based on our study, mulberry leaves from Guangdong and Guangxi could be future sources of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant products.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS MRM chromatograms of alkaloid (A) and phenol compounds (B) identified in the samples.
(TIF) (A) The red line represents the chromatogram of DNJ and the green line represents the chromatogram of fagomine. (B) The red, green, dark blue, pink, light blue line in represent the chromatograms of chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, rutin, quercetin and kaempferide, respectively.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Contents of DNJ and fagomine from different collection areas.
(TIF) The red columns mean the contents of DNJ from different collection areas and the blue columns mean the contents of fagomine.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Contents of phenols from different collection areas.
(TIF) The red columns mean the contents of chlorogenic acid from different collection areas, the green columns mean the contents of rutin and the blue columns mean the contents of isoquercitr.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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