Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Mar;3(1):5-20.
doi: 10.1007/s41669-018-0084-1.

Conducting a Time Trade-Off Study Alongside a Clinical Trial: A Case Study and Recommendations

Jing Shen  1 , Sarah Hill  2 , David Mott  2   3 , Matthew Breckons  2 , Luke Vale  2 , Rob Pickard  4
Affiliations

Conducting a Time Trade-Off Study Alongside a Clinical Trial: A Case Study and Recommendations

Jing Shen et al. Pharmacoecon Open. 2019 Mar.

Erratum in

Abstract

Time trade-off (TTO) is an established method in health economics to elicit and value individuals' preferences for different health states. These preferences are expressed in the form of health-state utilities that are typically used to measure health-related quality of life and calculate quality-adjusted life-years in an economic evaluation. The TTO approach to directly elicit health-state utilities is particularly valuable when generic instruments (e.g. EQ-5D) may not fully capture changes in utility in a clinical trial. However, there is limited guidance on how a TTO study should be conducted alongside a clinical trial despite it being a valuable tool. We present an account of the design and development of a TTO study within a clinical trial as a case study. We describe the development of materials needed for the TTO interviews, the piloting of the TTO materials and interview process, and recommendations for future TTO studies. This paper provides a practical guide and reference for future applications of the TTO method alongside a clinical trial.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Jing Shen, Sarah Hill, David Mott, Matthew Breckons, Luke Vale and Rob Pickard have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Time trade-off (TTO) exercise development
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Time trade-off (TTO) exercise procedure
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Iteration process of varying time in Life B in the time trade-off exercise
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Dolan P, Gudex C, Kind P, Williams A. Valuing health states: a comparison of methods. J Health Econ. 1996;15(2):209–231. doi: 10.1016/0167-6296(95)00038-0. - DOI - PubMed
    1. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Guide to the methods of technology appraisal. London: NICE. 2013. https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg9/chapter/foreword. - PubMed
    1. van Reenen M, Oppe M. EQ-5D-3L User Guide: basic information on how to use the EQ-5D-3L instrument Rotterdam: EuroQol Group; 2015. Available from: https://euroqol.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/EQ-5D-3L_UserGuide_2015.pdf.
    1. van Reenen M, Janssen B. EQ-5D-5L user guide: basic information on how to use the EQ-5D-5L instrument Rotterdam: EuroQol Group; 2015. Available from: https://euroqol.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/EQ-5D-5L_UserGuide_2015.pdf.
    1. Devlin NJ, Shah KK, Feng Y, Mulhern B, Hout B. Valuing health-related quality of life: an EQ-5D-5L value set for England. Health Econ. 2018;27(1):7–22. doi: 10.1002/hec.3564. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources