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. 2018 Jun 27;13(6):e0199557.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199557. eCollection 2018.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in penile carcinoma: Association with clinic pathological factors

Lyriane Apolinário de Araújo  1 , Adriano Augusto Peclat De Paula  2 , Hellen da Silva Cintra de Paula  1 , Jessica Enocêncio Porto Ramos  3 , Brunna Rodrigues de Oliveira  1 , Keila Patrícia Almeida De Carvalho  1 , Rafael Alves Guimarães  1 , Rita de Cássia Gonçalves de Alencar  4 , Eliza Carla Barroso Duarte  5 , Silvia Helena Rabelo Santos  6 , Vera Aparecida Saddi  2 , Megmar Aparecida Dos Santos Carneiro  1
Affiliations

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in penile carcinoma: Association with clinic pathological factors

Lyriane Apolinário de Araújo et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Penile carcinoma (PC) is a rare, highly mutilating disease, common in developing countries. The evolution of penile cancer includes at least two independent carcinogenic pathways, related or unrelated to HPV infection.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence, identify HPV genotypes, and correlate with clinicopathological data on penile cancer.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study involving 183 patients with PC undergoing treatment in a referral hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, in Midwestern Brazil, from 2003 to 2015. Samples containing paraffin embedded tumor fragments were subjected to detection and genotyping by INNO-LiPA HPV. The clinicopathological variables were subjected to analysis with respect to HPV positivity and used prevalence ratio (PR), adjusted prevalence ratio (PRa) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as statistical measures.

Results: The prevalence of HPV DNA in PC was 30.6% (95% CI: 24.4 to 37.6), high-risk HPV 24.9% (95% CI: 18.9 to 31.3), and 62.5% were HPV 16. There was a statistical association between the endpoints HPV infection and HPV high risk, and the variable tumor grade II-III (p = 0.025) (p = 0.040), respectively. There was no statistical difference in disease specific survival at 10 years between the HPV positive and negative patients (p = 0.143), and high and low risk HPV (p = 0.325).

Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV infection was 30.6%, and 80.3% of the genotypes were identified as preventable by anti-HPV quadrivalent or nonavalent vaccine. HPV infections and high-risk HPV were not associated with penile carcinoma prognosis in this study.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flowchart of the study.
Fig 2
Fig 2. HPV genotype distribution in a population with PC.
HR: High risk; LR: Low risk.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Curve of survival of patients positive and negative for HPV.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Survival curve of the patients in relation to HPV positivity and negativity low and high risk.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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