Comparative Study

. 2018 Jun 26;15(7):1341.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph15071341.

Development of a Cumulative Exposure Index (CEI) for Manganese and Comparison with Bone Manganese and Other Biomarkers of Manganese Exposure

Danelle Rolle-McFarland^{1

2}, Yingzi Liu^{3

4}, Jieqiong Zhou⁵, Farshad Mostafaei^{6

7}, Yuanzhong Zhou⁸, Yan Li⁹, Quiyan Fan¹⁰, Wei Zheng¹¹, Linda H Nie¹², Ellen M Wells¹³

Affiliations

¹ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Danelle.Rolle-Mcfarland@moffitt.org.
² Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. Danelle.Rolle-Mcfarland@moffitt.org.
³ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. yliu@wkhs.com.
⁴ Willis-Knighton Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA. yliu@wkhs.com.
⁵ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. jieqiong.zhou@yale.edu.
⁶ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. fmostafaei@mcw.edu.
⁷ Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. fmostafaei@mcw.edu.
⁸ School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China. zhouyuanzhong@163.com.
⁹ School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China. liyan067321@sina.com.
¹⁰ Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China. fanqy@zunyiyizhuan.cn.
¹¹ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. wzheng@purdue.edu.
¹² School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. hnie@purdue.edu.
¹³ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. wells54@purdue.edu.

PMID: 29949870
PMCID: PMC6068959
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071341

Comparative Study

Development of a Cumulative Exposure Index (CEI) for Manganese and Comparison with Bone Manganese and Other Biomarkers of Manganese Exposure

Danelle Rolle-McFarland et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018.

. 2018 Jun 26;15(7):1341.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph15071341.

Authors

Danelle Rolle-McFarland^{1

2}, Yingzi Liu^{3

4}, Jieqiong Zhou⁵, Farshad Mostafaei^{6

7}, Yuanzhong Zhou⁸, Yan Li⁹, Quiyan Fan¹⁰, Wei Zheng¹¹, Linda H Nie¹², Ellen M Wells¹³

Affiliations

¹ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Danelle.Rolle-Mcfarland@moffitt.org.
² Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. Danelle.Rolle-Mcfarland@moffitt.org.
³ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. yliu@wkhs.com.
⁴ Willis-Knighton Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA. yliu@wkhs.com.
⁵ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. jieqiong.zhou@yale.edu.
⁶ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. fmostafaei@mcw.edu.
⁷ Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. fmostafaei@mcw.edu.
⁸ School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China. zhouyuanzhong@163.com.
⁹ School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China. liyan067321@sina.com.
¹⁰ Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China. fanqy@zunyiyizhuan.cn.
¹¹ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. wzheng@purdue.edu.
¹² School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. hnie@purdue.edu.
¹³ School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. wells54@purdue.edu.

PMID: 29949870
PMCID: PMC6068959
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071341

Abstract

Manganese (Mn) exposure can result in parkinsonism. However, understanding of manganese neurotoxicity has been limited by the lack of a cumulative Mn biomarker. Therefore, the current goal was to develop Mn cumulative exposure indices (MnCEI), an established method to estimate cumulative exposure, and determine associations of MnCEI with blood Mn (BMn), fingernail Mn (FMn), and bone Mn (BnMn). We completed a cross-sectional study of 60 male Chinese workers. Self-reported occupational history was used to create two MnCEIs reflecting the previous 16 years (MnCEI₁₆) and total work history (MnCEI_TOT). An in vivo neutron activation analysis system was used to quantify BnMn. BMn and FMn were measured using ICP-MS. Mean (standard deviation) MnCEI_TOT and MnCEI₁₆ were 37.5 (22.0) and 25.0 (11.3), respectively. Median (interquartile range) BMn, FMn, and BnMn were 14.1 (4.0) μg/L, 13.5 (58.5) μg/g, and 2.6 (7.2) μg/g dry bone, respectively. MnCEI₁₆ was significantly correlated with FMn (Spearman’s ρ = 0.44; p = 0.02), BnMn (ρ = 0.44; p < 0.01), and MnCEI_TOT (ρ = 0.44; p < 0.01). In adjusted regression models, MnCEI₁₆ was significantly associated with BnMn (β = 0.03; 95% confidence interval = 0.001, 0.05); no other biomarkers were associated with MnCEI. This suggests BnMn may be a useful biomarker of the previous 16 years of Mn exposure, but larger studies are recommended.

Keywords: biomarkers; blood manganese; bone manganese; cumulative exposure index; fingernail manganese; in vivo neutron activation analysis; manganese.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
The scatterplots and unadjusted regression lines for (a) MnCEI_TOT versus bone Mn; (b) MnCEI_TOT versus fingernail Mn; (c) MnCEI_TOT versus blood Mn; (d) MnCEI₁₆ versus bone Mn; (e) MnCEI₁₆ versus fingernail Mn; (f) MnCEI₁₆ versus blood Mn. Mn = manganese; MnCEI_TOT = Manganese cumulative exposure index for lifetime work history; MnCEI₁₆ = Manganese cumulative exposure index since 2000.

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Development of a Cumulative Exposure Index (CEI) for Manganese and Comparison with Bone Manganese and Other Biomarkers of Manganese Exposure

Affiliations

Development of a Cumulative Exposure Index (CEI) for Manganese and Comparison with Bone Manganese and Other Biomarkers of Manganese Exposure

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