Morphogenetic Variability and Hypertension in Ischemic Stroke Patients-Preliminary Study

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated and compared the morphogenetic variability and the degree of recessive homozygosity in patients with manifested ischemic stroke compared to healthy controls. We have evaluated 120 patients with manifested ischemic stroke, of which 64 did not have hypertension and 56 have hypertension. For comparison, we additionally tested 194 healthy individuals without manifested ischemic stroke (controls). For the estimation of the degree of recessive homozygosity, we have performed the homozygously recessive characteristics (HRC) test and tested 19 HRCs. There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 19 HRCs between the controls and patients with manifested ischemic stroke (&sum;&chi;² = 60.162, p < 0.01). The mean values of the tested HRCs significantly differed between the controls and group with manifested ischemic stroke (Controls &minus; 5.71 ± 1.61, Ischemic stroke group &minus; 6.25 ± 1.54, p = 0.012). For the tested individuals with hypertension, the mean values of HRCs did not significantly differ between the controls and those that had manifested ischemic stroke (Controls &minus; 5.28 ± 1.75, Ischemic stroke group &minus; 5.64 ± 1.48, p = 0.435). We found a significant difference in the frequencies of HRCs between those with and without hypertension for controls (p < 0.003) and for those with manifested ischemic stroke (p < 0.001). There are increased degrees of recessive homozygosity along with decreased variability in patients with manifested ischemic stroke compared to controls.

Keywords: homozygous recessive characteristics; hypertension; manifested ischemic stroke; variability.

Figure 1

Frequencies of homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC) in controls and manifested ischemic stroke patients. MV- mean value; SD- standard deviation; z- Mann Whitney U test; V- variability. Controls: N = 194, MV ± SD = 5.71 ± 1.61. Ischemic stroke group: N = 120, MV ± SD = 6.25 ± 1.54 (z = −2.496, p = 0.012; Cohen’s d = 34.28%). V_Controls = 28.20%, V_{Ischemic stroke group} = 24.64%.

Figure 2

Frequencies of homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC) in controls and manifested ischemic stroke patients without hypertension. MV- mean value; SD- standard deviation; z- Mann Whitney U test; V- variability. Controls: N = 108, MV ± SD = 6.02 ± 1.40. Ischemic stroke group: N = 64, MV ± SD = 6.78 ± 1.40 (z = −3.160, p = 0.002; Cohen’s d = 54.29%). V_Controls = 23.26%, V_{Ischemic stroke group} = 20.65%.

Figure 3

Frequencies of homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC) in controls and manifested ischemic stroke patients with hypertension. MV- mean value; SD- standard deviation; z- Mann Whitney U test; V- variability. Controls: N = 86, MV ± SD = 5.28 ± 1.75. Ischemic stroke group: N = 56, MV ± SD = 5.64 ± 1.48 (z = −0.783, p = 0.435; Cohen’s d = 22.21%). V_Controls = 33.14%, V_{Ischemic stroke group} = 26.24%.