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. 2018 Jun 27;8(7):469.
doi: 10.3390/nano8070469.

Electrospun Oxygen Scavenging Films of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Containing Palladium Nanoparticles for Active Packaging Applications

Adriane Cherpinski  1 , Melike Gozutok  2 , Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel  3 , Sergio Torres-Giner  4 , Jose M Lagaron  5
Affiliations

Electrospun Oxygen Scavenging Films of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Containing Palladium Nanoparticles for Active Packaging Applications

Adriane Cherpinski et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

This paper reports on the development and characterization of oxygen scavenging films made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) containing palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) prepared by electrospinning followed by annealing treatment at 160 °C. The PdNPs were modified with the intention to optimize their dispersion and distribution in PHB by means of two different surfactants permitted for food contact applications, i.e., hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Analysis of the morphology and characterization of the chemical, thermal, mechanical, and water and limonene vapor barrier properties and the oxygen scavenging capacity of the various PHB materials were carried out. From the results, it was seen that a better dispersion and distribution was obtained using CTAB as the dispersing aid. As a result, the PHB/PdNP nanocomposites containing CTAB provided also the best oxygen scavenging performance. These films offer a significant potential as new active coating or interlayer systems for application in the design of novel active food packaging structures.

Keywords: electrospinning; packaging; palladium nanoparticles; polyhydroxyalkanoates.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Contact transparency pictures of the electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) fibers containing palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and their respective annealed films: (a) PHB/PdNP fibers; (b) PHB/PdNP/hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) fibers; (c) PHB/PdNP/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) fibers; (d) PHB/PdNP film, (e) PHB/PdNP/CTAB film, (f) PHB/PdNP/TEOS film.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images taken on the surface views and cross-sections of the electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) fibers containing palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and their respective annealed films: (a) Surface view of the neat PHB fibers; (b) Cross-section of the neat PHB fibers; (c) Cross-section of the neat PHB film; (d) Surface view of the PHB/PdNP fibers; (e) Cross-section of the PHB/PdNP fibers; (f) Cross-section of the PHB/PdNP film; (g) Surface view of the PHB/PdNP/hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) fibers; (h) Cross-section of the PHB/PdNP/CTAB fibers; (i) Cross-section of the PHB/PdNP/CTAB film; (j) Surface view of the PHB/PdNP/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) fibers; (k) Cross-section of the PHB/PdNP/TEOS fibers; (l) Cross-section of the PHB/PdNP/TEOS film.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) fibers containing palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and their respective annealed films: (a) PHB/PdNP fibers; (b,c) PHB/PdNP film; (d) PHB/PdNP/ hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) fibers; (e,f) PHB/PdNP/CTAB film; (g) PHB/PdNP/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) fibers; (h,i) PHB/PdNP/TEOS film.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of the electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) films with and without hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) surfactants.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of: (a) Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB); (b) Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS); (c) Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) fibers; (d) PHB film; (e) PHB/palladium nanoparticles (PdNP) fibers; (f) PHB/PdNP film; (g) PHB/PdNP/CTAB fibers; (h) PHB/PdNP/CTAB film; (i) PHB/PdNP/TEOS fibers; (j) PHB/PdNP/TEOS film. Arrows indicate the chemical bonds and/or groups discussed in the text.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Values of water vapor permeability (WVP) of the electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) films with and without hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) surfactants. Different letters indicate significant differences among the samples (p < 0.05).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Values of d-limonene permeability (LP) of the electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) films with and without hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) surfactants. Different letters indicate significant differences among the samples (p < 0.05).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Oxygen depletion of the electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) fibers with and without hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) surfactants. Values were measured at 50% and 100% relative humidity (RH).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Oxygen depletion of the electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) films with and without hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) surfactants. Values were measured at 100% relative humidity (RH).
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