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Meta-Analysis
. 2018 Jun 27;15(7):1348.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph15071348.

Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review in Environmental Tobacco Smoke Risk of Female Lung Cancer by Research Type

Xue Ni  1 , Ning Xu  2 , Qiang Wang  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review in Environmental Tobacco Smoke Risk of Female Lung Cancer by Research Type

Xue Ni et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

More than 50% of women worldwide are exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). The impact of ETS on lung cancer remains unclear. Cohort studies since the late 1990s have provided new evidence of female lung cancer risk due to ETS. The objective of this meta-analysis and systematic review was to analyze the association of ETS with female lung cancer risk from 1997 to 2017, organised based on research design. According to our applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 published studies were included. The relative risk (RR) from the cohort studies or odds ratio (OR) from case-control studies were extracted to calculate the pooled risks based on the type of study. The summary risks of ETS were further explored with the modulators of ETS exposure sources and doses. The pooled risks of lung cancer in non-smoking women exposed to ETS were 1.35 (95% CI: 1.17⁻1.56), 1.17 (95% CI: 0.94⁻1.44), and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.17⁻1.51) for case-control studies, cohort studies, and both types of studies, respectively. The summary RR estimate of the cohort studies was not statistically significant, but the RR increased with increasing doses of ETS exposure (p trend < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, ETS might be an important risk factor of female lung cancer in non-smokers.

Keywords: Environmental Tobacco Smoke; female lung cancer; meta-analysis; risk; study type.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) literature screening flow diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Funnel plot of the association of ETS with female lung cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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