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. 2018 Jun 28;29(7):102.
doi: 10.1007/s10856-018-6105-x.

Spatio-temporal release of NGF and GDNF from multi-layered nanofibrous bicomponent electrospun scaffolds

Chaoyu Liu  1   2 , Xiaohua Li  3 , Feiyue Xu  3 , Haibo Cong  4 , Zongxian Li  5 , Yuan Song  3 , Min Wang  6
Affiliations

Spatio-temporal release of NGF and GDNF from multi-layered nanofibrous bicomponent electrospun scaffolds

Chaoyu Liu et al. J Mater Sci Mater Med. .

Abstract

Scaffolds capable of providing dual neurotrophic factor (NTF) delivery with different release kinetics, spatial delivery of NTFs at different loci and topographical guidance are promising for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, we have designed and fabricated multi-layered aligned-fiber scaffolds through combining emulsion electrospinning, sequential electrospinning and high-speed electrospinning (HS-ES) to modulate the release behavior of glial cell line-derived growth factor(GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). GDNF and NGF were incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibers and poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) fibers, respectively. Aligned fibers were obtained in each layer of multi-layered scaffolds and relatively thick tri-layered and tetra-layered scaffolds with controlled layer thickness were obtained. Their morphology, structure, properties, and the in vitro release of growth factors were examined. Dual and spatio-temporal release of GDNF and NGF with different release kinetics from multi-layered scaffolds was successfully demonstrated. High separation efficiency by PDLLA fibrous barrier layer for spatial neurotrophic factor delivery from both tri-layered scaffolds and tetra-layered scaffolds was achieved.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A sketch of multi-layered electrospun scaffolds: a tri-layered scaffolds, b tetra-layered scaffolds
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Morphology of tri-layered fibrous scaffold fabricated by DSDP-ES and sequential electrospinning under SEM at ×2500 magnification: a GDNF/PLGA top layer; b PDLLA middle layer; c NGF/PDLLA bottom layer
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Distribution of fiber alignment in different layers of tri-layered scaffolds: a GDNF/PLGA top layer, b PDLLA middle layer, c NGF/PDLLA bottom layer
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Cross-sectional view of tri-layered fibrous scaffolds under SEM: a magnification: 200, b magnification: 400, c layer boundary between top layer and middle layer (magnification: 800), d layer boundary between middle layer and bottom layer (magnification: 800)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Morphology of tetra-layered fibrous scaffold fabricated by sequential electrospinning and DSDP-ES under SEM at ×2500 magnification: a GDNF/PLGA top layer; b mixed layer of PLGA fibers and PDLLA fibers; c NGF/PDLLA third layer; d PDLLA bottom layer
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Distribution of fiber alignment in different layers of tetra-layered scaffolds: a GDNF/PLGA top layer, b mixed layer of PLGA fibers and PDLLA fibers, c NGF/PDLLA third layer, and d PDLLA bottom layer
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Cross-sectional view of tetra-layered fibrous scaffolds under SEM: a magnification: 200; b, c magnification: 300; d layer boundary between top layer and second layer at magnification: 2000; e layer boundary between third layer and bottom layer at magnification: 2000
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Water contact angles of different layers in different directions in tri-layered fibrous scaffolds
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Water contact angles of different layers in different directions in tetra-layered fibrous scaffolds
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Stress–strain curves of tri-layered scaffolds and tetra-layered scaffolds obtained by tensile tests in aligned direction: a full stress–strain curves, b initial portions of stress–strain curves
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Cumulative release of NGF and GDNF from different sides of tri-layered fibrous scaffolds in 42-day in vitro release experiments
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Cumulative release of NGF and GDNF from different sides of tetra-layered fibrous scaffolds in 42-day in vitro release experiments
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