Cognitive Performance and Frailty in Older HIV-Positive Adults

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the relative contribution of cognitive status to frailty among older individuals infected with HIV+.

Design: Participants included 122 HIV+ individuals [mean age = 57.5 (6.6)] with a median CD4 cell count of 546. Undetectable viral load (<50 copies per mL) was observed in 94% of the sample. The sample was defined as frail (n = 21) and nonfrail (n = 101) according to the Fried phenotype criteria. Cognitive tests included measures of executive function, motor/psychomotor, language, learning, and memory. Performances were converted to standardized scores and averaged to calculate individual domain scores and a global index of cognitive function.

Methods: Logistic and hierarchical regressions were completed to separately determine the associations between clinical, demographic, and cognitive variables with regards to frailty status.

Results: Results of the logistic regressions revealed that lower executive function, female sex, and higher symptoms of depression were associated with frailty. The hierarchical analysis revealed no significant contribution of executive function to frailty status after accounting for female sex and symptoms of depression (Nagelkerke R = 0.15).

Conclusions: These results emphasize the importance of sex distribution and mental health in explanatory models of frailty in HIV. Further, interventions targeting symptoms of depression may increase resilience in older HIV+ individuals.