Mitigative role of garlic and vitamin E against cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects of lead acetate and mercury chloride on WI-38 cells

Abstract

Background: Lead acetate (Led) and mercury chloride (Mer) represent important ecological and public health concerns due to their hazardous toxicities. Naturally found products play a vital role in chemopreventive agent innovation. The current study aimed to assess the modifying effect of garlic (Gar) and/or vitamin E (Vit E) against the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) Led and/or Mer-induced cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects.

Methods: Human lung cells (WI-38) were pretreated with Gar and/or Vit E for 24h and then treated with Led and/or Mer either alone or with their combination for 24h. Cytotoxicity of Led and Mer and the viability of Gar and Vit E were assessed using MTT assay. The alkaline comet assay was used to assess DNA damage, whereas QRT-PCR was performed to evaluate p53, Bax, and Bcl2 mRNA-expression.

Results: The results of this study showed that IC50 of Led was (732.72μg/mL) and for Mer was (885.83μg/mL), while cell viability effective dose for Gar was (300μg/mL) and for Vit E was (26,800μg/mL). Treating cells with the IC50-concentration of Led or Mer or their combination using half IC50 of both of them induced severe DNA-damage. Bax-expression was increased, while p53 and Bcl2-expressions were decreased. Pretreatment of cells with Gar and/or Vit E ameliorated the previous alternations.

Conclusions: Led and Mer can induce oxidative stress and change the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins in WI-38 cells. Gar and Vit E may be promising protective candidate agent against the toxic effect of heavy metals.

Keywords: Cytotoxicity; Garlic; Genotoxicity; Lead acetate; Mercury chloride; Vitamin E; WI-38.