Recent progress in natural dietary non-phenolic bioactives on cancers metastasis

Abstract

From several decades ago to now, cancer continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide, and metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. For health benefits, there is a great desire to use non-chemical therapy such as nutraceutical supplementation to prevent pathology development. Over 10,000 different natural bioactives or phytochemicals have been known that possessing potential preventive or supplementary effects for various diseases including cancer. Previously, the in vitro and in vivo anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activities of phenolic acids, monophenol, polyphenol and their derivatives and flavonoids and their derivatives have been reviewed. However, a vast number of natural dietary compounds other than phenolics have been demonstrated to potentially possess the ability to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of various cancers. In this review, we summarize the studies in recent decade on in vitro and in vivo effects and molecular mechanisms of natural bioactives, excluding the phenolics in food, in cancer invasion and metastasis. By combining this review of non-phenolics with the previous phenolics reviews, the puzzle for the contribution of natural dietary bioactives on cancer invasive or/and metastatic progress will be almost complete and more clear.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; Invasion; Metastasis; Natural dietary bioactives.

Fig. 1

Food sources and chemical structures of non-phenolic bioactives with anti-invasion and/or anti-metastasis activity.

Fig. 2

Non-phenolic bioactives with potential anti-invasive and/or anti-metastatic activity against the most commonly diagnosed cancer sites. Abbreviations: AITC, Allyl isothiocyanate; BITC, benzyl isothiocyanate; DADS, Diallyl disulfide; DAS, Diallyl sulfide; DIM, 3,3-diindolylmethane; GA, Ganoderic acid; GDNT, Ganodermanontriol; IAX, Isoalavaxanthone; I3C, Indole-3-carbinol; LA, Lucidenic acid; PEITC, phenethyl isothiocyanate; RA: Retinoic acid; SAC, S-allycysteine; SF, Sulforaphane; UA: Ursolic acid.

Fig. 3

Schematic representation of the signaling pathways and effectual proteins involved in the inhibition of metastasis cascade in various cancer cells by non-phenolic bioactives.