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. 2019 Apr;103(4):798-806.
doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002359.

Gender Differences in Medication Adherence Among Adolescent and Young Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients

Julie Boucquemont  1 , Ahna L H Pai  2   3 , Vikas R Dharnidharka  4   5 , Diane Hebert  6 , Susan L Furth  7   8 , Bethany J Foster  9   10   11
Affiliations

Gender Differences in Medication Adherence Among Adolescent and Young Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients

Julie Boucquemont et al. Transplantation. 2019 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Among kidney transplant recipients, gender differences in medication adherence may contribute to higher graft failure risks observed in girls and young women compared with boys and young men. Our aim was to determine whether adherence differs by gender, and whether gender differences vary by age in adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients.

Methods: We examined data from the 3-month run-in period (no intervention) of the randomized Teen Adherence in Kidney transplant Effectiveness of Intervention trial. Adherence was monitored using electronic pillboxes in 136 patients (11-24 y) followed in 8 transplant centers in Canada and the United States. We used ordinal logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to estimate the association between gender and each of daily taking (proportion of prescribed doses taken) and timing (proportion of prescribed doses taken on time) adherence, considering effect modification by age (11-16 y vs 17-24 y).

Results: No difference in taking adherence was observed by gender among participants aged 11 to 16 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-1.54), whereas among participants aged 17 to 24 years, women had significantly greater odds of higher taking adherence scores (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.20-7.66) than men. Results were similar for timing adherence, with no difference among participants aged 11 to 16 years (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.65-1.63) but a greater odds of higher timing adherence scores in women than in men among participants aged 17 to 24 years (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.43-7.45). There were no differences in adherence assessed by self-report or SD of tacrolimus trough levels.

Conclusions: Gender differences in adherence vary by age. Whereas younger adolescents show no adherence differences by gender, young women show much better adherence than young men.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01356277.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Comparison of taking adherence between males and females during the run-in period of the TAKE-IT trial, according to age (n=136).
The proportion of males (triangles) and females (circles) with 100% taking adherence on each day of observation are shown (limited to 100 days after first day of observation).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Comparison of timing adherence between males and females during the run-in period of the TAKE-IT trial, according to age (n=136).
The proportion of males (triangles) and females (circles) with 100% timing adherence on each day of observation are shown (limited to 100 days after first day of observation).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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