China's response to a national land-system sustainability emergency

Brett A Bryan^{1

2}, Lei Gao³, Yanqiong Ye^{3

4}, Xiufeng Sun^{3

5}, Jeffery D Connor^{3

6}, Neville D Crossman^{3

7}, Mark Stafford-Smith⁸, Jianguo Wu^{9

10}, Chunyang He⁹, Deyong Yu⁹, Zhifeng Liu⁹, Ang Li¹¹, Qingxu Huang⁹, Hai Ren¹², Xiangzheng Deng¹³, Hua Zheng¹⁴, Jianming Niu¹⁵, Guodong Han¹⁶, Xiangyang Hou¹⁷

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. b.bryan@deakin.edu.au.
² CSIRO, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. b.bryan@deakin.edu.au.
³ CSIRO, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁴ College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
⁵ College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
⁶ School of Commerce, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁷ School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁸ CSIRO, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
⁹ Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
¹⁰ School of Life Sciences and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
¹¹ State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
¹² Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
¹³ Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
¹⁴ State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
¹⁵ School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
¹⁶ College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
¹⁷ National Forage Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China.

PMID: 29995865
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0280-2

China's response to a national land-system sustainability emergency

Brett A Bryan et al. Nature. 2018 Jul.

. 2018 Jul;559(7713):193-204.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0280-2. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. b.bryan@deakin.edu.au.
² CSIRO, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. b.bryan@deakin.edu.au.
³ CSIRO, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁴ College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
⁵ College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
⁶ School of Commerce, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁷ School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁸ CSIRO, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
⁹ Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
¹⁰ School of Life Sciences and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
¹¹ State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
¹² Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
¹³ Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
¹⁴ State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
¹⁵ School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
¹⁶ College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
¹⁷ National Forage Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China.

PMID: 29995865
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0280-2

Abstract

China has responded to a national land-system sustainability emergency via an integrated portfolio of large-scale programmes. Here we review 16 sustainability programmes, which invested US$378.5 billion (in 2015 US$), covered 623.9 million hectares of land and involved over 500 million people, mostly since 1998. We find overwhelmingly that the interventions improved the sustainability of China's rural land systems, but the impacts are nuanced and adverse outcomes have occurred. We identify some key characteristics of programme success, potential risks to their durability, and future research needs. We suggest directions for China and other nations as they progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations' Agenda 2030.

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China's response to a national land-system sustainability emergency

Affiliations

China's response to a national land-system sustainability emergency

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Abstract

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