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. 2018 Jun 20;18(3):169-173.
doi: 10.1093/bfgp/ely024.

RNA/DNA structures recognized by RNase H2

Kenji Kojima  1 , Misato Baba  1 , Motoki Tsukiashi  1 , Takuto Nishimura  1 , Kiyoshi Yasukawa  1
Affiliations

RNA/DNA structures recognized by RNase H2

Kenji Kojima et al. Brief Funct Genomics. .

Abstract

Ribonuclease H (RNase H) [EC 3.1.26.4] is an enzyme that specifically degrades RNA from RNA/DNA hybrids. Since its discovery in 1969, the enzyme has been extensively studied for its catalytic mechanism and physiological role. RNase H has been classified into two major families, Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 enzymes are designated RNase HI in prokaryotes and RNase H1 in eukaryotes, while Type 2 enzymes are designated RNase HII in prokaryotes and RNase H2 in eukaryotes. Type 2 enzymes are able to cleave the 5'-phosphodiester bond of one ribonucleotide embedded in a DNA double strand. Recent studies have shown that RNase H2 is involved in excision of a single ribonucleotide embedded in genomic DNA and removal of an R-loop formed in cells. It is also involved in double-strand break of DNA and its repair. In this review, we aim to outline the structures recognized by RNase H2.

Keywords: Aicardi–Goutières syndrome; R-loop; RNase H2; double-strand break; ribonuclease H2; ribonucleotide.

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