Extended Near-Infrared Photoactivity of Bi₆Fe_1.9Co_0.1Ti₃O₁₈ by Upconversion Nanoparticles

Wen Ge^{1

2}, Zhiang Li³, Tong Chen⁴, Min Liu⁵, Yalin Lu^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. gew1024@mail.ustc.edu.cn.
² Key Laboratory of Advanced Technique & Preparation for Renewable Energy Materials, Department of Energy and Environmental Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China. gew1024@mail.ustc.edu.cn.
³ CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. lza0412@mail.ustc.edu.cn.
⁴ CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. aqct@mail.ustc.edu.cn.
⁵ CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. liumin1106@ustc.edu.cn.
⁶ CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. yllu@ustc.edu.cn.
⁷ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. yllu@ustc.edu.cn.

PMID: 30012944
PMCID: PMC6071231
DOI: 10.3390/nano8070534

Extended Near-Infrared Photoactivity of Bi₆Fe_1.9Co_0.1Ti₃O₁₈ by Upconversion Nanoparticles

Wen Ge et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2018.

. 2018 Jul 16;8(7):534.

doi: 10.3390/nano8070534.

Authors

Wen Ge^{1

2}, Zhiang Li³, Tong Chen⁴, Min Liu⁵, Yalin Lu^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. gew1024@mail.ustc.edu.cn.
² Key Laboratory of Advanced Technique & Preparation for Renewable Energy Materials, Department of Energy and Environmental Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China. gew1024@mail.ustc.edu.cn.
³ CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. lza0412@mail.ustc.edu.cn.
⁴ CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. aqct@mail.ustc.edu.cn.
⁵ CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. liumin1106@ustc.edu.cn.
⁶ CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. yllu@ustc.edu.cn.
⁷ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. yllu@ustc.edu.cn.

PMID: 30012944
PMCID: PMC6071231
DOI: 10.3390/nano8070534

Abstract

Bi₆Fe_1.9Co_0.1Ti₃O₁₈ (BFCTO)/NaGdF₄:Yb³⁺, Er³⁺ (NGF) nanohybrids were successively synthesized by the hydrothermal process followed by anassembly method, and BFCTO-1.0/NGF nanosheets, BFCTO-1.5/NGF nanoplates and BFCTO-2.0/NGF truncated tetragonal bipyramids were obtained when 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 M NaOH were adopted, respectively. Under the irradiation of 980 nm light, all the BFCTO samples exhibited no activity in degrading Rhodamine B (RhB). In contrast, with the loading of NGF upconversion nanoparticles, all the BFCTO/NGF samples exhibited extended near-infrared photoactivity, with BFCTO-1.5/NGF showing the best photocatalytic activity, which could be attributed to the effect of {001} and {117} crystal facets with the optimal ratio. In addition, the ferromagnetic properties of the BFCTO/NGF samples indicated their potential as novel, recyclable and efficient near-infrared (NIR) light-driven photocatalysts.

Keywords: aurivillius; nanohybrid; photocatalysis; upconversion.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
The schematic representation of synthesizing Bi₆Fe_1.9Co_0.1Ti₃O₁₈/NaGdF₄:Yb³⁺, Er³⁺ (BFCTO/NGF) nanocomposites.

**Figure 2**
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the NGF, BFCTO and BFCTO/NGF samples.

**Figure 3**
SEM images of (a) BFCTO-1.5 and (b,c) BFCTO-1.5/NGF nanoparticles; (d) TEM image of BFCTO-1.5/NGF nanoparticles (insert: the HRTEM image of NGF nanoparticle in magenta frame); (e) TEM image of NGF nanoparticles; (f) HADDF-STEM image of BFCTO-1.5/NGF; (g) the corresponding EDS elemental mapping of Bi, Fe, Co, Ti, O, Na, Gd and F elements.

**Figure 4**
(a) The survey X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of the BFCTO-1.50/NGF nanocomposites; and high-resolution XPS spectra of (b) Bi 4f; (c) Fe 2p; (d) Ti 2p; (e) Gd 4d and (f) Gd 3d.

**Figure 5**
The SEM images of (a) BFCTO-1.0; (b) BFCTO-1.0/NGF; (c) BFCTO-2.0 and (d) BFCTO-2.0/NGF samples.

**Figure 6**
(a) The irradiation time dependence of Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation in various BFCTO and BFCTO/NGF aqueous dispersions under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation of 980 nm, with a power of 1.0 A; (b) the upconversion emission spectra of BFCTO/NGF nanoparticles excited at 980 nm; (c) the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) diffuse reflectance spectra of BFCTO/NGF nanoparticles (insert: the absorption magnification of yellow dot area); (d) the relationship between (*αhv*)² and (hv) photon energy of all BFCTO/NGF nanoparticles (insert: Corresponding E_g values).

**Figure 7**
Energy level diagram and the energy transfer between Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ showing the proposed upconversion mechanism under 980 nm excitation. The photoexcitation of BFCTO by the upconversion emission in the Vis region is also shown.

**Figure 8**
(a) Magnetization (M)-applied magnetic field (H) hysteresis loops of the BFCTO/NGF samples (insert: M-H loop of NGF); and the photos of BFCTO-1.0/NGF solution; (b) without and (c) with a magnet of 0.1 T.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Extended Near-Infrared Photoactivity of Bi₆Fe_1.9Co_0.1Ti₃O₁₈ by Upconversion Nanoparticles

Affiliations

Extended Near-Infrared Photoactivity of Bi₆Fe_1.9Co_0.1Ti₃O₁₈ by Upconversion Nanoparticles

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

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