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. 2018 Jul 19;13(7):e0200576.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200576. eCollection 2018.

Molecular and antigenic characterization of group C orthobunyaviruses isolated in Peru

Roger M Castillo Oré  1 , Roxana E Caceda  1 , Alfredo A Huaman  1 , Maya Williams  2 , Jun Hang  3 , Diana E Juarez  1 , Tadeusz J Kochel  1 , Eric S Halsey  1 , Brett M Forshey  1
Affiliations

Molecular and antigenic characterization of group C orthobunyaviruses isolated in Peru

Roger M Castillo Oré et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Group C orthobunyaviruses (GRCVs) are a complex of viruses in the genus Orthobunyavirus and are associated with human febrile disease in tropical and subtropical areas of South and Central America. While numerous GRCVs have been isolated from mosquitoes, animals, and humans, genetic analysis of these viruses is limited. In this study, we characterized 65 GRCV isolates from febrile patients identified through clinic-based surveillance in the northern and southern Peruvian Amazon. A 500 base pair region of the S segment and 750 base pair regions of the M and L segments were sequenced. Pairwise sequence analysis of the clinical isolates showed nucleotide identities ranging from 68% to 100% and deduced amino acid sequence identities ranging from 72% to 100%. Sequences were compared with reference strains of the following GRCVs: Caraparu virus (CARV), Murutucu virus (MURV), Oriboca virus (ORIV), Marituba virus (MTBV), Itaqui virus (ITQV), Apeu virus (APEUV), and Madrid virus (MADV). Sequence comparison of clinical isolates with the prototype strains based on the S and L segments identified two clades; clade I included isolates with high genetic association with CARV-MADV, and clade II included isolates with high genetic association with MURV, ORIV, APEUV, and MTBV. Genetic relationships based on the M segment were at time inconsistent with those based on the S and L segments. However, clade groupings based on the M segment were highly consistent with relationships based on microneutralization assays. These results advance our understanding of the genetic and serologic relationships of GRCVs circulating in the Peruvian Amazon.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Distribution of febrile patient samples in Peru.
Number of febrile surveillance samples (denominator) and number of group C isolates (numerator). The green circles represent the places where group C viruses were isolated and the size of the circle is proportional to the number of isolates.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Phylogenetic analysis of group C viruses based on partial nucleotide sequences of the S segment.
The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. Bootstrap values were obtained based on 1000 replicates on the bases of partial coding sequence of N and NSs protein. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method. Members of the Simbu, California and Bunyamwera serogroups were used as outgroups to root the tree.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Phylogenetic analysis of group C viruses based on partial nucleotide sequences of the M segment.
The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. Bootstrap values were obtained based on 1000 replicates using the partial coding sequence of the polyprotein. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method. Members of the Simbu, California and Bunyamwera serogroups were used as outgroups to root the tree.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Phylogenetic analysis of group C viruses based on partial nucleotide sequences of the L segment.
The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. Bootstrap values were obtained based on 1000 replicates on the bases of partial coding sequence of RdRp. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method. Members of the Simbu, California and Bunyamwera serogroups were used as outgroups to root the tree.
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