Molecular characterization of emerging avian reovirus variants isolated from viral arthritis cases in Western Canada 2012-2017 based on partial sigma (σ)C gene

Abstract

Viral Arthritis (VA), a disease caused by Avian Reovirus (ARV), has emerged as a significant cause of economic losses in broiler chicken flocks in Western Canada. These outbreaks were characterized by 4-13% morbidity, followed by a spike in mortality/culling that in extreme cases required total flock depopulation. From 2012-2017, 38 ARV isolates were recovered. Molecular characterization of a partial segment of the sigma (σ)C gene shows all six previously known ARV clusters in Western Canadian broiler chickens. The most numerous clusters were Cluster#4 and Cluster #5 while the most variable clusters were Cluster#1 (76.7-100% identity), Cluster#2 (66-99.3%), and Cluster#4 (62-100%). This variation suggests that an autogenous vaccine may not protect against a same-cluster challenge virus. This is the first publication showing the wide genetic diversity of ARV Cluster#4, the circulation of all six worldwide reported ARV clusters in Canada, and important differences in ARV Cluster classification among researchers.

Keywords: Avian reovirus; Broiler chicken; Molecular epidemiology; Sigma (σ)C gene; Tenosynovitis; Viral arthritis.