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. 2018 Nov;75(11):822-829.
doi: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105054. Epub 2018 Jul 21.

Association between benzene and congenital anomalies in Oklahoma, 1997-2009

Amanda E Janitz  1 , Hanh Dung Dao  1 , Janis E Campbell  1 , Julie A Stoner  1 , Jennifer D Peck  1
Affiliations

Association between benzene and congenital anomalies in Oklahoma, 1997-2009

Amanda E Janitz et al. Occup Environ Med. 2018 Nov.

Abstract

Objectives: Although the most common cause of death in infants, little is known about the aetiology of congenital anomalies. Recent studies have increasingly focused on environmental exposures, including benzene. While benzene is known to affect the central nervous system, the effects on the developing fetus are unclear.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association between ambient benzene exposure and the prevalence of congenital anomalies among 628 121 singleton births in Oklahoma from 1997 to 2009. We obtained benzene from the Environmental Protection Agency's 2005 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment for the census tract of the birth residence. We used modified Poisson regression with robust SEs to calculate prevalence proportion ratios (PPRs) and 95% CIs between quartiles of benzene exposure and critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs), neural tube defects (NTDs) and oral clefts adjusted for maternal education and tobacco use.

Results: Median benzene exposure concentration in Oklahoma was 0.57 µg/m3. We observed no association between benzene exposure and oral clefts, CCHDs or NTDs. When specific anomalies were examined, we observed an increased prevalence of cleft lip among those exposed to the second quartile of benzene compared with the first (PPR 1.50, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.13), though no association with higher levels of exposure.

Conclusions: Our findings do not provide support for an increased prevalence of anomalies in areas more highly exposed to benzene. Future studies would benefit from pooling data from multiple states to increase statistical power and precision in studies of air pollutants and specific anomalies.

Keywords: air pollution; benzene; congenital anomalies.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Distribution of ambient benzene exposure among Oklahoma births, 1997–2009. Source of Oklahoma Freeways is the Federal Highway Administration, National Transportation Atlas.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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