Changes of the growth plate in children: 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging analysis

Abstract

Purpose: This pilot study assessed changes in the growth plate and growth rates in children during a 6-month period.

Methods: The study included 31 healthy children (17 boys, 14 girls) under evaluation for growth retardation. Height, weight, bone age, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3) were measured at baseline and after 6 months. In addition, the diameter, thickness, and volume of the femoral and tibial growth plates were measured using magnetic resonance imaging.

Results: The mean bone age in boys and girls was 11.7 and 10.7 years, respectively. In boys, height (z score) (-0.2 vs. 0.0), weight (z score) (0.8 vs. 1.1), body mass index (BMI) (z score) (1.27 vs. 1.5), IGF-1 (ng/mL) (343.6 vs. 501.8), and IGF-BP3 (ng/mL) (5,088.5 vs. 5,620.0) were significantly higher after 6 months. In girls, height (z score) (-1.0 vs. -0.7), weight (z score) (-0.5 vs. 0.1), BMI (z score) (-0.02 vs. 0.3), IGF-1 (ng/mL) (329.3 vs. 524.6), and IGF-BP3 (ng/mL) (4,644.4 vs. 5,593.6) were also significantly higher after 6 months. In both sexes, the mean diameter and volume of the femoral and tibial growth plates were significantly increased 6 months later.

Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between changes in the growth plate and clinical parameters in children with growth retardation in this study, other than correlations of change in femoral diameter with weight and BMI. A larger, long-term study is needed to precisely evaluate the correlation between change in the growth plate and growth.

Keywords: Child; Magnetic resonance imaging; Growth plate.

Fig. 1.

Thickness and diameter analysis of the growth plate. (A, B) On sagittal volume-interpolated breathhold examination magnetic resonance imaging of the knee, the horizontal lines represent the total length of the femoral and tibial growth plates. The thickness of the growth plate is represented by a vertical red line. The dotted lines are drawn to estimate the growth plate diameter.

Fig. 2.

Volumetric analysis of the growth plate. (A, B) The red-colored regions show high signal intensity in the growth plate of the femur and tibia using sagittal volume interpolated breath-hold examination magnetic resonance imaging of the knee.